Superior versus inferior conjunctival autografts combined with fibrin glue in the management of primary pterygia.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of superior versus inferior conjunctival autograft (CAU) in the prevention of recurrence after performing a pterygium surgery in patients with primary pterygia.

Methods: This was a prospective randomized study of 60 eyes of 60 patients with primary pterygium. All the eyes underwent pterygium excision and were assigned randomly to receive either superior (30 eyes) or inferior (30 eyes) CAU.

Intracorneal ring segment explantation after intracorneal ring segment implantation combined with same-day corneal collagen crosslinking in keratoconus.

Purpose: To report the outcome and the reversibility of refractive outcomes after intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) explantation in patients with keratoconus treated with ICRS implantation and same-day collagen crosslinking (CXL).

Methods: This is a retrospective review of ICRS explantation in 3 eyes of 3 patients with keratoconus that had undergone femtosecond laser-enabled placement of paired ICRS (Intacs) with same-day CXL by a single surgeon between 2008 and 2011. The main outcome measures included baseline/preexplantation/postexplantation visual acuity, refractive error, keratometry, and higher order aberrations.

Efficacy of single or paired intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation combined with collagen crosslinking in keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of single or paired intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) combined with ultraviolet-A and riboflavin collagen crosslinking (CXL) in patients with keratoconus.

Setting: Cornea Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Design: Retrospective comparative case series.

Transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy combined with implantation of a single inferior intrastromal corneal ring segment and collagen crosslinking in keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) combined with implantation of a single inferior intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) and riboflavin with ultraviolet-A collagen crosslinking (CXL) performed sequentially on the same day in the management of keratoconus.

Setting: Cornea Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Design: Case series.

Shifting trends in bacterial keratitis in Toronto: an 11-year review.

Objective: To review the distribution, current trends, and resistance patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in Toronto over the last 11 years.

Design: Retrospective, observational, case series.

Participants: Microbiology records of suspected bacterial keratitis cases that underwent a diagnostic corneal scraping and cultures from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2010, were reviewed.

Angle closure glaucoma: a mechanistic review.

Purpose Of Review: With recent advances in imaging techniques such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy, there is a better understanding of nonpupil block mechanisms and novel risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of angle closure glaucoma.

Recent Findings: Recent studies suggest that multiple anatomical and physiological factors interplay in the pathogenesis of angle closure glaucoma. The association of greater iris convexity, area and thickness with narrow angles could result in a more anterior bowing and crowding of the peripheral iris.

Laser scanning in vivo confocal analysis of keratocyte density in keratoconus.

Purpose: Keratoconus is a form of progressive noninflammatory corneal ectasia. Although abnormalities have been documented at every level of the keratoconic cornea, the exact underlying pathophysiologic process remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the keratocyte density in human corneas with keratoconus imaged by laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy.

Differences in practice and personal profiles between male and female ophthalmologists.

Purpose: To assess practice profiles and attitudes towards career and family among ophthalmologists in Australia and New Zealand, with an emphasis on identifying gender differences.

Methods: A 43-part confidential survey addressing professional and personal issues was sent to all female ophthalmologists and to randomly selected age-matched male ophthalmologists, registered with the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists in 2005.

Results: A total of 254 (75%) of the surveys were returned, with no significant difference in response rate between genders.

Correlation of retinal nerve fiber layer measured by scanning laser polarimeter to visual field in ischemic optic neuropathy.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurement with scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods: In this prospective observational case series, all subjects (28 eyes with NAION) underwent SAP and SLP. The RNFL retardation measurements and visual field test points were grouped into 6 corresponding sectors.

Regional correlation of structure and function in glaucoma, using the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, and visual fields.

Purpose: To evaluate relationships between the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale (DDLS), global and sectoral structural parameters provided by the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), and global and regional functional loss in visual field (VF) testing.

Design: Consecutive observational case series.

Participants: One hundred ten eyes from 110 patients categorized as glaucoma, glaucoma suspect, or normal.

In vivo microstructural analysis of the cornea in Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome.

Purpose: This report describes the clinical and in vivo microstructural features of the cornea in a case of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome.

Methods: A 17-year-old female with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome was examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Orbscan II slit-scanning elevation topography, and in vivo confocal microscopy.

Results: Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed bilateral, altered corneal transparency involving the posterior half of the stroma.

Keratoglobus and posterior subcapsular cataract: surgical considerations and in vivo microstructural analysis.

We report sporadic, bilateral keratoglobus associated with posterior subcapsular cataract in a 43-year-old man. Slitlamp biomicroscopy showed symmetric arcus senilis-like deposits, a polygonal appearance resembling crocodile shagreen, an unusual endothelial appearance, and posterior subcapsular cataract. Orbscan II pachymetry maps (Bausch & Lomb) demonstrated bilateral diffuse corneal thinning (359.

Microstructural analysis of Salzmann's nodular degeneration by in vivo confocal microscopy.

A 44-year-old man with symptoms of ocular irritation and corneal changes characteristic of Salzmann's nodular degeneration in the left eye was examined using in vivo confocal microscopy. In vivo confocal microscopy highlighted an irregularly shaped basal epithelium with foci of prominent nuclei, and disrupted anterior stromal architecture with increased reflectivity of extracellular matrix within the nodules. These observations were consistent with prior histopathological descriptions of Salzmann's nodular degeneration.