Finding the Needle in the Haystack: Can Natural Language Processing of Students' Evaluations of Teachers Identify Teaching Concerns?

Background: Institutions rely on student evaluations of teaching (SET) to ascertain teaching quality. Manual review of narrative comments can identify faculty with teaching concerns but can be resource and time-intensive.

Aim: To determine if natural language processing (NLP) of SET comments completed by learners on clinical rotations can identify teaching quality concerns.

The Home-Based Experiences of Palliative and Hospice Care for Children and Caregivers (EXPERIENCE) Measure: Evaluation of Psychometric Properties.

Context: Home-based pediatric palliative and hospice care (PPHC) supports the hundreds of thousands of children with serious illness and complex care needs and their families in the home setting. Considerable variation, however, exists in the provision and quality of home-based PPHC in the U.S.

Surgeon and Surgical Trainee Experiences After Adverse Patient Events.

Importance: Adverse patient events are inevitable in surgical practice.

Objectives: To characterize the impact of adverse patient events on surgeons and trainees, identify coping mechanisms, and assess whether current forms of support are sufficient.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this mixed-methods study, a validated survey instrument was adapted and distributed to surgical trainees from 7 programs, and qualitative interviews were conducted with faculty from 4 surgical departments in an urban academic health system.

Digital Engagement Strategy and Health Care Worker Mental Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The health care workforce continues to experience high rates of depression and anxiety. Finding ways to effectively support the mental health and well-being of health care workers is challenging.

Objective: To test the effectiveness of remote, pushed digital assessments and engagement to improve depression and anxiety among health care workers compared with usual care.

Emerging Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Understanding Illness Experience and Transition to Adult Care.

Purpose: Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly common and is often diagnosed shortly before transition from pediatric to adult care. Little is known about the experience of emerging adults (EAs) with T2D and the readiness, barriers, and facilitators to transition. This study sought to describe the illness experience of EAs with T2D and perceptions about transition, and explore themes by "transition readiness," measured by the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ).

Parent Perspectives on Documentation and Sharing of Health-Related Social Needs Data.

Objective: Parents of pediatric patients are key stakeholders in the design and implementation of health-related social needs (HRSN) screening programs. Yet, there is little research exploring their perspectives on the documentation and sharing of HRSN data. We aimed to examine parents' preferences regarding how HRSN data are documented and shared.

Belonging in Surgery: A Validated Instrument and Single Institutional Pilot.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure Belonging in Surgery among surgical residents.

Background: Belonging is the essential human need to maintain meaningful relationships and connections to one's community. Increased belongingness is associated with better well-being, job performance, and motivation to learn.

Assessing the health literacy of caregivers in the pediatric intensive care unit: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Limited health literacy is associated with increased hospitalizations, emergency visits, health care costs, and mortality. The health literacy levels of caregivers of critically ill children are unknown. This mixed-methods study aims to quantitatively assess the health literacy of caregivers of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and qualitatively describe facilitators and barriers to implementing health literacy screening from the provider perspective.

Integrating long-acting reversible contraceptives into primary care internal medicine practices: A clinical innovation to reduce wait time.

Background: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has long been regarded as highly effective and safe. However, access is limited and lengthy when specialty referrals are required.

Objectives: To integrate LARC services into an urban internal medicine primary care practice to decrease wait time for LARC procedures.

Impact of a Regional Grant Program Through the Lens of Social Cognitive Career Theory: A Mixed-Method Evaluation.

Purpose: Evaluations of educational grant programs have focused on research productivity, with few examining impacts on grantees or effective program characteristics. This evaluation examined the regional grant program sponsored by Group on Educational Affairs to examine if and how grantees' careers were affected by funding, and if these experiences aligned with program goals.

Method: In this concurrent, mixed-methods theory-driven evaluation, quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed independently and then integrated to examine complementarity.

Factors Informing High-Risk Primary Care Patient Choice around Telehealth Use: a Framework.

Background: While telehealth's presence in post-pandemic primary care appears assured, its exact role remains unknown. Value-based care's expansion has heightened interest in telehealth's potential to improve uptake of preventive and chronic disease care, especially among high-risk primary care populations. Despite this, the pandemic underscored patients' diverse preferences around using telehealth.

Evaluation of a brief virtual implementation science training program: the Penn Implementation Science Institute.

Background: To meet the growing demand for implementation science expertise, building capacity is a priority. Various training opportunities have emerged to meet this need. To ensure rigor and achievement of specific implementation science competencies, it is critical to systematically evaluate training programs.

Barriers and Facilitators to Clinical Practice Development in Men and Women Surgeons.

Importance: Many early-career surgeons struggle to develop their clinical practices, leading to high rates of burnout and attrition. Furthermore, women in surgery receive fewer, less complex, and less remunerative referrals compared with men. An enhanced understanding of the social and structural barriers to optimal growth and equity in clinical practice development is fundamental to guiding interventions to support academic surgeons.

Leveraging the health equity implementation framework to foster an equity focus in medical education.

Teaching equitable clinical practice is of critical importance, yet how best to do so remains unknown. Educators utilize implementation science frameworks to disseminate clinical evidence-based practices (EBP). The Health Equity Implementation Framework (HEIF) is one of these frameworks, and it delineates how health equity may be concomitantly assessed and addressed in planning the implementation of an EBP.

Low-Income Caregiver Perspectives on a State Education Savings Program and Receptivity to Clinic-Based Financial Counseling.

Background And Objective: In 2019, Pennsylvania launched a Children's Development Account (CDA) program that invests $100 in an education savings account for every child born in the state. However, as of 2021, only 10.6% of families claimed the investment.

Factors influencing agitation, de-escalation, and physical restraint at a children's hospital.

Background: Children hospitalized in medical hospitals are at risk of agitation. Physical restraint may be used to maintain patient and staff safety during de-escalation, but physical restraint use is associated with physical and psychological adverse events.

Objective: We sought to better understand which work system factors help clinicians prevent patient agitation, improve de-escalation, and avoid physical restraint.

Insights Into Patients' Perceptions of Health-Related Social Needs and the Role of the Adult Primary Care Clinic.

Introduction/objectives: While it is well established that unmet healthrelated social needs (HRSN) adversely affect health outcomes, there has been limited evaluation in adult primary care of patients' perceptions of how these needs impact their health and the role of the primary care provider (PCP). The objective of this study is to identify patients' perceptions of HRSN and how PCPs could help address them. Secondary objectives include exploring the impact of goal setting and a 1-time cash transfer (CT).

Using poetry to elicit internal medicine residents' perspectives on wellness.

Purpose: To elicit internal medicine residents' perspectives on wellness through poetry writing, examining (1) response rates, (2) the tone/sentiment of their submissions and (3) the primary thematic content.

Study Design: In academic year 2019-2020, a random sample of 88 residents from four internal medicine residency programmes was invited to participate in a year-long study of wellness. In December 2019, an open-ended prompt asked residents to write a poem reflecting on their well-being.

Multidisciplinary teams, efficient communication, procedure services, and telehealth improve cirrhosis care: A qualitative study.

Background: Cirrhosis care and outcomes are improved with access to subspecialty gastroenterology and hepatology care. In qualitative interviews, we investigated clinicians' perceptions of factors that optimize or impede cirrhosis care.

Methods: We conducted 24 telephone interviews with subspecialty clinicians at 7 Veterans Affairs medical centers with high- and low-complexity services.

Determinants of Blood Culture Use in Critically Ill Children: A Multicenter Qualitative Study.

Unlabelled: Blood cultures are fundamental in diagnosing and treating sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), but practices vary widely. Overuse can lead to false positive results and unnecessary antibiotics. Specific factors underlying decisions about blood culture use and overuse are unknown.

A Clinical Decision Support System for Motivational Messaging and Tobacco Cessation Treatment for Parents: Pilot Evaluation of Use and Acceptance.

Background: Research is needed to identify how clinical decision support (CDS) systems can support communication about and engagement with tobacco use treatment in pediatric settings for parents who smoke. We developed a CDS system that identifies parents who smoke, delivers motivational messages to start treatment, connects parents to treatment, and supports pediatrician-parent discussion.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the performance of this system in clinical practice, including receipt of motivational messages and tobacco use treatment acceptance rates.

Natural Language Processing of Learners' Evaluations of Attendings to Identify Professionalism Lapses.

Unprofessional faculty behaviors negatively impact the well-being of trainees yet are infrequently reported through established reporting systems. Manual review of narrative faculty evaluations provides an additional avenue for identifying unprofessional behavior but is time- and resource-intensive, and therefore of limited value for identifying and remediating faculty with professionalism concerns. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques may provide a mechanism for streamlining manual review processes to identify faculty professionalism lapses.