Publications by authors named "Judy M Spak"

Medical improvisation (improv) applies theater principles and techniques to improve communication and teamwork with health professionals (HP). Improv curricula have increased over time, but little is known about best practices in curricula development, implementation, and assessment. We sought to complete a state-of-the-art review of medical improv curricula to teach HP learners communication skills.

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In the past forty years, clinician-educators have become indispensable to academic medicine. Numerous clinician-educator-training programs exist within graduate medical education (GME) as clinician-educator tracks (CETs). However, there is a call for the clinician-educator pipeline to begin earlier.

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Background: Many Graduate Medical Education (GME) programs offer clinician-educator curricula. The specific instructional methods employed and current best practices for clinician-educator curricula are unknown. We aimed to characterize the structure, curriculum content, instructional methods, and outcomes of longitudinal GME clinician-educator curricula.

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The concept of relationship-centered care was first introduced approximately 20 years ago, but this important concept has not yet been widely disseminated in clinical practice. Relationship-centered care in the health profession focuses on all relevant relationships in health care, not only between health care professionals and patients but also among colleagues, staff members, students, community, and self. This review summarizes the key literature to date on relationship-centered care as it pertains to the physician-patient relationship.

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Rationale: Intergenerational trauma refers to emotional and psychological wounding that is transmitted across generations. Latinxs-individuals who have migrated from Latin America to the United States or Canada and their descendants-are particularly vulnerable to intergenerational trauma due to legacies of colonialism, political violence, and migration-related stressors.

Objective: This scoping review aims to survey and synthesize the extant literature on intergenerational trauma in Latinxs, the ways that the literature conceptualizes and operationalizes intergenerational trauma, and the mechanisms of transmission that it proposes.

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Background: Developing a comprehensive, reproducible literature search is the basis for a high-quality systematic review (SR). Librarians and information professionals, as expert searchers, can improve the quality of systematic review searches, methodology, and reporting. Likewise, journal editors and authors often seek to improve the quality of published SRs and other evidence syntheses through peer review.

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Background: This study was conducted to examine gaps and opportunities for involvement of librarians in medical education and patient care as well as improve the teaching and assessment of Entrustable Professional Activity 7 (EPA 7) -- the ability to form clinical questions and retrieve evidence to advance patient care.

Methods: The Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) Competency-Based Medical Education Task Force surveyed all AAHSL member libraries in October 2016 on health sciences librarian awareness and involvement in teaching and assessing EPA 7.

Results: The survey response rate was 54% (88/164 member libraries).

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Context: Transformative learning (TL) has been described as learning that challenges established perspectives, leading to new ways of being in the world. As a learning theory it has resonated with educators globally, including those in the health professions. Described as a complex metatheory, TL has evolved over time, eliciting divergent interpretations of the construct.

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Background: Cognitive psychology studies demonstrate that subjects who attempt to recall information show better learning, retention, and transfer than subjects who spend the same time studying the same material (test-enhanced learning, TEL). We systematically reviewed TEL interventions in health professions education.

Methods: We searched 13 databases, 14 medical education journals, and reference lists.

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The Cushing/Whitney Medical Library (CWML) at the Yale School of Medicine has offered a "Personal Librarian" (PL) program to medical center students since 1996. This outreach program matches students to a professional librarian as they matriculate, a relationship that is maintained until the student graduates. PLs offer individualized assistance for almost anything-from interpreting library policies and procedures to helping locate materials to assisting with thesis research.

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