Exposure of Aspergillus fumigatus to caspofungin results in the release, and de novo biosynthesis, of gliotoxin.

Caspofungin is a member of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents that inhibit the synthesis of β 1,3 glucan thus disrupting fungal cell wall structure and function. Exposure of the Aspergillus fumigatus cultures to caspofungin (0.01, 0.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone gel on body composition and health-related quality-of-life in men with hypogonadal to low-normal levels of serum testosterone and symptoms of androgen deficiency over 6 months with 12 months open-label follow-up.

Introduction: The clinical significance of low to low-normal testosterone (T) levels in men remains debated.

Aim: To analyze the effects of raising serum T on lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), total body mass, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL).

Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Mild traumatic brain injury: lessons learned from clinical, sports, and combat concussions.

Over the past forty years, a tremendous amount of information has been gained on the mechanisms and consequences of mild traumatic brain injuries. Using sports as a laboratory to study this phenomenon, a natural recovery curve emerged, along with standards for managing concussions and returning athletes back to play. Although advances have been made in this area, investigation into recovery and return to play continues.

Galleria mellonella as a model for fungal pathogenicity testing.

Insects are convenient models for assessing the virulence of microbial pathogens or for assessing the -efficacy of antimicrobial drugs and give results comparable to those that can be obtained using mammals. Galleria mellonella larvae are easy to purchase and inoculate and provide results within 48 h. Various parameters may be used to monitor the effect of a pathogen on the insect and, as a consequence, measure its relative virulence.

Caspofungin primes the immune response of the larvae of Galleria mellonella and induces a non-specific antimicrobial response.

The echinocandins (e.g. caspofungin) function by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-β-glucan in the fungal cell wall.

Proteomic analysis of proteins released from growth-arrested Candida albicans following exposure to caspofungin.

The echinocandins (e.g., caspofungin) are a relatively new class of antifungal drugs that function by inhibiting the synthesis of beta-1,3-glucan in the cell wall and thus lead to lysis of the cell.

Accountability, responsiveness and quality for clients model of home support: a model for improved home support services to promote aging at home.

As the proportion of older adults increases within the Canadian population, healthcare systems across the country are facing increased demands for home-based services, including home care nursing, rehabilitation, case management, adult day programs, respite, meal programs and home support. Home support is one of the core care services required in the community to enable older adults to remain at home as long as possible. In 2006, Vancouver Community introduced a new home support delivery and performance management model: the Accountability, Responsiveness and Quality for Clients Model of Home Support (ARQ Model) (VCH 2006).

Exposure to caspofungin activates Cap and Hog pathways in Candida albicans.

Caspofungin is a member of the echinocandin group of antifungals and inhibits the activity of beta-glucan synthase thus disrupting cell wall formation and function. While the potent antifungal activity of this agent is well established, this paper analyzed the response of Candida albicans to caspofungin. Exposure of yeast cells to 0.

Determinants of sexual activity and its relation to cervical cancer risk among South African women.

Background: Invasive cervical cancer is the commonest cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in South African women. This study provides information on adult women's sexual activity and cervical cancer risk in South Africa.

Methods: The data were derived from a case-control study of hormonal contraceptives and cervical cancer risk.

Effect of N-chlorotaurine on Aspergillus, with particular reference to destruction of secreted gliotoxin.

The fungistatic and fungicidal activity of N-chlorotaurine (NCT), a long-lived oxidant produced by stimulated neutrophils, was investigated. Physiological concentrations (75-100 microM) of NCT showed clear fungicidal activity against a range of Aspergillus isolates. Moreover, killing by NCT was significantly increased in the presence of ammonium chloride, explained by the formation of monochloramine by halogenation of ammonium.