Vitamin B-6 vitamer levels in plasma and related symptoms in hemodialysis subjects taking low- and high-dose renal multivitamin supplements.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the B-6 vitamers in plasma and related symptoms in hemodialysis subjects taking high- or low-dose vitamins.

Methods: A total of 24 hemodialysis (HD) subjects were divided into two groups. Twelve subjects received a high-dose vitamin supplement [50 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN-HCl) /tablet] and 12 received a low-dose vitamin supplements containing (10 mg PN-HCl/tablet) for 6+ months.

A group of Midwestern university students needs to improve their oral hygiene and sugar/pop consumption habits.

Poor oral hygiene and sugar/pop consumption practices are detrimental to one's overall health. College women were hypothesized to have better oral hygiene habits and to consume less sugar/pop than men and that the students' habits would be different from those the students had before college. These habits of students at a Midwestern university were evaluated by sex.

Observed sex differences in fast-food consumption and nutrition self-assessments and beliefs of college students.

Americans frequently eat fast foods, but do college students? The objective was to determine the influence of sex on fast-food consumption and nutrition self-assessments and beliefs of a group of college students. The hypothesis was that some sex differences would be observed. Volunteers, 101 men and 158 women, 19 to 24 years of age, enrolled at a Midwestern university served as subjects.

Reasons given by homebound older adults living in a large midwestern city for taking or not taking vitamin and mineral supplements.

The prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplement usage in a group of homebound older adults in a large Midwestern city and their motivation for supplement use or nonuse were evaluated. Sixty-one selected homebound individuals 60 years and older from three assistance programs for older adults participated in the study. Forty-seven percent reported taking vitamin or mineral supplements, and of these 93% were taking a multivitamin supplement.

Few differences in diet and health behaviors and perceptions were observed in adult urban Native American Indians by tribal association, gender, and age grouping.

Diet and health behaviors and perceptions of adult urban Native American Indians in a large Midwestern city were evaluated for differences by tribal association, gender, and age grouping. The hypothesis was that human behavior is influenced by tribal association, gender, and age grouping in the subject population. The subjects included 33 men and 32 women, with 26 being Sioux; 22 Omaha; and 17 a combination of other tribes.

Using nutrition labeling as a potential tool for changing eating habits of university dining hall patrons.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the influence of the nutritional labeling Nutrition Bytes on the eating habits of adults eating in dining halls at a Midwestern university and to assess differences between sexes. Dining hall patrons (114 men, 91 women) 19 years of age or older voluntarily completed a descriptive 15-item written questionnaire that examined the use and nonuse of Nutrition Bytes, which contains much of the information included in the Nutrition Facts label. A significantly higher percentage of women than men patrons reported currently using Nutrition Bytes labels (P<0.

Vitamin E inadequacy observed in a group of 2- to 6-year-old children living in Kwangju, Republic of Korea.

Studies on the vitamin E status of Korean children are lacking. Dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of tocopherols of healthy 2- to 6-year-olds living in Kwangju, Republic of Korea, were determined and their vitamin E status evaluated. Subjects included 66 girls and 65 boys, with 21-32 subjects per age group.

Anthropometric indices and selected nutrient intakes of young children in Kwangju, Korea.

The assessment of children's nutritional intakes is important because any nutritional inadequacies or toxicities may have adverse consequences. Studies on the nutritional intakes of Korean children are limited. The aims of this study were to determine anthropometric indices, estimate selected nutrient intakes of young Korean children, and compare these intakes with current Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans.

Vitamin A inadequacy observed in a group of 2- to 6-year-old children living in Kwangju, Republic of Korea.

Dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of retinol and carotenoids were estimated in assessing the vitamin A status of young children in Kwangju, Republic of Korea. Three consecutive 24-hour food recalls and fasting blood samples were obtained from 123 healthy children (58 boys, 65 girls), aged 2-6 years. The daily vitamin A intake (mean +/- SD) was 355.

Marginal folate inadequacy observed in a group of young children in Kwangju, Korea.

Folate is important for multiple metabolic processes such as nucleic acid synthesis and interconversions, and cell division. Folate deficiency may be a risk factor for several pathologies, such as neural tube birth defects, dementia, and cardiovascular diseases. The objectives of this study were to estimate folate intakes and plasma concentrations of young children living in Kwangju, Korea.

Sex differences in dieting trends, eating habits, and nutrition beliefs of a group of midwestern college students.

The influence of sex on dietary trends, eating habits, and nutrition self-assessment and beliefs of a group of college students at a large Midwestern university was investigated. A questionnaire was completed by 105 male and 181 female undergraduate students. Men had significantly higher (P<0.

Children of Latino immigrants, 4-8 years, in rural Nebraska are adequate in vitamin B-6.

Plasma concentrations of B-6 vitamers and homocysteine as well as erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity coefficients and vitamin B-6 (dietary + supplement) intakes of apparently healthy young Latino children of immigrant parents living in rural Nebraska were determined and differences determined by gender. Thirty-five Latino children (16 males and 19 females), aged 4-8 years, were included in the study. Nutrient intake information was obtained from the children's parents utilizing two nonconsecutive 24-hour food recalls.

Nonsupplemented children of Latino immigrants have low vitamin E intakes and plasma concentrations and normal vitamin C, selenium, and carotenoid intakes and plasma concentrations.

Objective: This study sought to determine and evaluate the intakes and plasma concentrations of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), gamma-tocopherol, vitamin C, selenium, and carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene) of nonsupplemented boys and girls, 4 to 8 years old, of Latino immigrants living in rural Nebraska.

Design: Dietary intakes of the Latino children were estimated. Their plasma samples (fasting) were analyzed for vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, and carotenoid concentrations.

Less than adequate vitamin E status observed in a group of preschool boys and girls living in the United States.

In that data were not available on the vitamin E status of young children, the aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin E status of preschool children by three commonly used criteria: vitamin E intakes, plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations and plasma alpha-tocopherol/total lipid ratios. Twenty-two ethnically diverse preschool children (13 males and 9 females), aged 2 to 5 years, living in Lincoln, NE, served as subjects. The subjects were in two groups: 2-3 and 4-5 years old.

Few differences found in the typical eating and physical activity habits of lower-level and upper-level university students.

Typical eating and exercise habits of a group of lower-level (freshmen/sophomores, n=144) and upper-level (juniors/seniors, n=114) students, 19 to 25 years of age, attending a midwestern university were compared. Both groups reported similar snacking practices, nonalcoholic beverage consumption, places of meal consumption, factors influencing food choices, duration and frequency of various types of physical activity, and places of physical performance, with few exceptions. Significant differences between groups were observed for typical afternoon snack consumption, frequency of eating in university cafeterias, typical time spent walking, typical frequency of performing other aerobic activities, and factors that most influenced their physical activity habits.

Vitamin B-6 content of breast milk and neonatal behavioral functioning.

Objective: To determine if vitamin B-6 intakes of mothers influence the B-6 vitamer content of transition milk and if correlations exist between the vitamin B-6 content of the milk and the infants' neurobehavioral functioning.

Design: Transition milk samples were collected from mothers 8 to 11 days after delivery for B-6 vitamer analysis. Neurobehavioral functioning of the neonates was determined at that time.

Rural Nebraska elementary school educators teach nutrition concepts.

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist in the teaching of nutrition to students in grades one to four in rural (less than 10,000 population); midsized (10,000 to 99,999); and urban (100,000 or more) counties in Nebraska. Surveys were sent to one-fifth of educators teaching grades one to four (n = 1,232); the response rate was 37.7%.

Mongolian gerbils can utilize provitamin-A carotenoids in deep-fried carrot chips.

Deep-fried carrot chips, containing provitamin-A carotenes, were developed as an alternative mode of dietary intervention to combat vitamin A deficiency. The biological use of carotenoids in this product as vitamin A precursors was evaluated in Mongolian gerbils. Male 4-wk-old gerbils were fed a diet containing all essential nutrients for 1 wk.