Hyperexcitable Phenotypes in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons From Patients With 15q11-q13 Duplication Syndrome, a Genetic Form of Autism.

Background: Chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (Dup15q) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by duplications of the maternal copy of this region. In addition to hypotonia, motor deficits, and language impairments, patients with Dup15q commonly meet the criteria for autism spectrum disorder and have a high prevalence of seizures. It is known from mouse models that synaptic impairments are a strong component of Dup15q pathophysiology; however, cellular phenotypes that relate to seizures are less clear.

Abundance and localization of human UBE3A protein isoforms.

Loss of UBE3A expression, a gene regulated by genomic imprinting, causes Angelman syndrome (AS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. The UBE3A gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with three known protein isoforms in humans. Studies in mouse suggest that the human isoforms may have differences in localization and neuronal function.

Compartmental and Spatial Rule-Based Modeling with Virtual Cell.

In rule-based modeling, molecular interactions are systematically specified in the form of reaction rules that serve as generators of reactions. This provides a way to account for all the potential molecular complexes and interactions among multivalent or multistate molecules. Recently, we introduced rule-based modeling into the Virtual Cell (VCell) modeling framework, permitting graphical specification of rules and merger of networks generated automatically (using the BioNetGen modeling engine) with hand-specified reaction networks.

Variability of staffing and staff mix across acute care units in Alberta, Canada.

Background: The health workforce has a crucial position in healthcare, and effective distribution of the workforce is one of the critical areas for healthcare improvement. This requires a proper understanding of the allocation of healthcare providers including staffing levels and staffing variability within a healthcare system. High variability may imply significant differences in outcomes and greater opportunity to better distribute staffing and improve patient outcomes.

Introduction of a team-based care model in a general medical unit.

Background: Alberta Health Services is a provincial health authority responsible for healthcare for more than four million people. The organization recognized a need to change its care delivery model to make care more patient- and family-centred and use its health human resources more effectively by enhancing collaborative practice. A new care model including changes to how providers deliver care and skill mix changes to support the new processes was piloted on a medical unit in a large urban acute care hospital Evidence-based care processes were introduced, including an initial patient assessment and orientation, comfort rounds, bedside shift reports, patient whiteboards, Name Occupation Duty, rapid rounds, and team huddles.

Development of an interactive model for planning the care workforce for Alberta: case study.

Introduction: In common with other jurisdictions, Alberta faces challenges in ensuring a balance in health worker supply and demand. As the provider organization with province-wide responsibility, Alberta Health Services needed to develop a forecasting tool to inform its position on key workforce parameters, in the first instance focused on modeling the situation for Registered Nurses, Licensed Practical Nurses and health care aides. This case study describes the development of the model, highlighting the choices involved in model development.

Planning to meet the care need challenge in Alberta, Canada.

The Canadian province of Alberta faces challenges in ensuring an adequate supply of nurses to meet care needs. This paper describes the approach adopted by Alberta Health Services (the public health care provider in Alberta) to address this challenge. Planning was undertaken on the basis of care needs rather than starting from a particular professional perspective and highlighted that the needs could be met by Registered Nurses, Licensed Practical Nurses or Healthcare Aides.

The impact of gown-use requirement on hand hygiene compliance.

Background: Hand hygiene compliance remains low, despite its effectiveness in preventing infections. Gowns are routinely used to reduce dissemination of organisms within hospitals. Use of gowns is time consuming and costly, and their effectiveness, compared with that of hand hygiene alone, is debated.

Impact of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis on rejection following orthotopic liver transplantation.

With improved cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis, CMV disease after liver transplantation has decreased dramatically, and patient and graft survival have improved. We examined the impact of CMV prophylaxis on biopsy proven rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation by analyzing data on 192 liver recipients over 5 years (1994-1999). Risk factors assessed for biopsy proven rejection including donor and recipient age, CMV serostatus; CMV prophylaxis; immunosuppression; bacteremia and blood product use were examined over a 2-year follow-up.

The clinical impact of ganciclovir prophylaxis on the occurrence of bacteremia in orthotopic liver transplant recipients.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or receipt of a CMV-seropositive donor liver has been shown to be an independent predictor of bacteremia in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients. However, prevention of CMV infection through use of intense CMV prophylaxis has not been examined to assess the impact on bacteremia in liver transplant recipients.

Methods: We analyzed the impact of CMV prophylaxis on rates of bacteremia by examining 192 consecutive OLT recipients during a 2-year follow-up period.