An Examination of Mental Health Rates in Children During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey 2019-2020.

The study objective was to examine the mental health of children during a time period that included the COVID-19 Lockdown. The sample included a cross-section of children aged 2 to 17 years (2019; n = 4, 194; 2020; n = 5,172), from the National Health Interview Survey. In multivariate models, survey years 2020 and 2019 were compared for significant changes in anxiety, depression, and social behaviors in children after adjustment for sociodemographic variables.

The Impact of Health Coverage, Race and Ethnicity on Utilization of Preventive Medical Care during the First Year of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey 2019-2020.

Objectives: This study examined COVID-19's impact in the 2020 compared to 2019 survey years on preventive medical care utilization.

Research Design: Using a cross-sectional sample of adults aged 18 years and over (2019; n = 31,997; 2020; n = 31,568), from the National Health Interview Survey, multivariable models compared 2020 to 2019 survey years for receiving diabetes screening blood tests, well-care visits, and physical therapy. An additional multivariable model predicted not having medical care due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2020 2020 survey year.

The Relationship Between Financial Stressors, Chronic Pain, and High-Impact Chronic Pain: Findings From the 2019 National Health Interview Survey.

Objectives: Public health interventions to prevent financial stressors and reduce chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain (HICP) are important to potentially improve the health of the US population. The objectives of our study were to provide an update on the prevalence of chronic pain and HICP and to examine relationships between financial stressors and pain.

Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional sample of adults aged ≥18 years (n = 31 997) collected by the 2019 National Health Interview Survey.

Disparities in Opioid Prescribing for Long-Term Chronic and Short-Term Acute Pain: Findings from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey.

The CDC cautioned against prescribing opioids for long-term chronic pain because opioid use disorder (OUD) risk was greater compared to short-term use for acute pain. The study objective was to describe rates and characteristics of respondents prescribed opioids for long-term chronic and short-term acute pain. National Health Interview Survey respondents for 2019 aged 18 years and over were examined (n = 31,997).

Sociodemographic Characteristics, Financial Worries and Serious Psychological Distress in U.S. Adults.

Economic recessions have been well studied in relationship to poor mental health. However, subjective financial worries have not been examined relative to serious psychological distress (SPD), a measure of poor mental health. Adults 18 to 64 years in the cross-sectional 2016 National Health Interview Survey (n = 24,126) were examined for worries about paying for bills, serious medical events, expected medical costs, retirement, children's college tuition and maintaining a standard of living; by sociodemographic such as sex and race/ethnicity.

Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Serious Psychological Distress among U.S. Veterans: Findings from the 2016 National Health Interview Survey.

Serious Psychological Distress (SPD) is a measure of mental health associated with poor functioning. This study identified sociodemographic risk factors for SPD, among veterans using Veterans Health Administration (VHA), TRICARE or the Civilian Health and Medical Programs for Uniformed Services (CHAMP) (all referred herein as VA coverage) and compared risk factors for SPD to non-veterans. VA coverage offers preventative care and treatment for illnesses and injuries to veterans with the aim of improving their quality of life.

The Relationship Between Migraine or Severe Headache and Chronic Health Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study from the National Health Interview Survey 2013-2015.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of having at least one or two or more chronic health conditions among US adults with self-reported migraine or severe headaches.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Using data collected from the 2013-2015 National Health Interview Survey, we examined adults with and without migraine or severe headache and associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension.

Health coverage types and their relationship to mental and physical health in U.S. veterans.

Objective: To examine sociodemographic characteristics and chronic health conditions in veterans across health coverage types including those without coverage.

Design: The sample included cross-sectional data from veterans aged 18 years and over, collected in the 2016 National Health Interview Survey (n = 3487). Chronic health conditions and sociodemographic variables were examined across eleven health coverage types and combinations of health coverage types, as follows: No coverage, Medicare, Medicaid, Private, TRICARE (formerly known as the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS)), TRICARE and Medicare, Veteran's Administration, Veteran's Administration and Medicare, Veteran's Administration and Private, Veteran's Administration and Private and Medicare.

Zinc in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.

Objective: The role of zinc homeostasis in various psychopathologies is an emerging area of interest. Zinc is strongly implicated in depressive disorders but is inadequately studied in schizophrenia, despite growing evidence of abnormal zinc transporters associated with schizophrenia. A meta-analysis of serum zinc concentrations in persons with schizophrenia was conducted to address this gap.

A pilot study assessing retinal pathology in psychosis using optical coherence tomography: Choroidal and macular thickness.

Mounting evidence supports a genetic-vascular-inflammatory etiology of schizophrenia. The retina provides an indirect assessment of inflammation and degeneration in the brain. In particular, the use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has emerged as a powerful tool for examining single retinal nerve cell layers and the choroid, the vascular layer supplying the outer retina.

Independence of diabetes and obesity in adults with serious mental illness: Findings from a large urban public hospital.

Objective: There is limited research on metabolic abnormalities in psychotropic-naïve patients with serious mental illness (SMI). Our study examined metabolic conditions in a large, ethnically diverse sample of psychotropic-naïve and non-naïve adults with SMI at an urban public hospital.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 923 subjects, the prevalences of hyperglycemia meeting criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on fasting plasma glucose and obesity defined by BMI and abdominal girth were compared across duration of psychotropic medication exposure.

Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Health Care Access and Use Among U.S. Adults With Serious Psychological Distress.

Objective: This study compared health care access and utilization among adults with serious psychological distress by race-ethnicity and gender in years surrounding implementation of the Affordable Care Act.

Methods: Data for adults ages 18 to 64 with serious psychological distress in the 2006-2015 National Health Interview Survey (N=8,940) were analyzed by race-ethnicity and gender on access and utilization indicators: health insurance coverage, insufficient money to buy medications, delay in health care, insufficient money for health care, visited a doctor more than ten times in the past 12 months, change in place of health care, change in place of health care because of insurance, saw a mental health provider in the past 12 months, and insufficient money for mental health care.

Results: The proportions of white and black adults with serious psychological distress were largest in the South, the region with the largest proportion of persons with serious psychological distress and no health coverage.

Disparities in Health Care Utilization and Functional Limitations Among Adults With Serious Psychological Distress, 2006-2014.

Objective: This study compared health care access, utilization, and functional indicators among adults with and without serious psychological distress (SPD) in the years surrounding implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Methods: Adults ages 18 to 64 from the 2006-2014 National Health Interview Survey (N=207, 853) were examined on 11 access, utilization, and functional indicators: health insurance coverage (health coverage), insufficient money for medications, delay in health care (delay in care), insufficient money for health care, visiting a doctor ten or more times in the past 12 months, change in place of health care, change in place of health care due to insurance, limitations in ability to work, limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), insufficient money for mental health care, and having seen a mental health care provider.

Results: Multivariate models that were adjusted for health coverage and sociodemographic characteristics indicated that compared with adults without SPD, adults with SPD had greater odds of lacking money for medications (AOR=10.

The relationship between linkage refusal and selected health conditions of survey respondents.

To maximize limited resources and reduce respondent burden, there is an increased interest in linking population health surveys with other sources of data, such as administrative records. Health differences between adults who consent to and refuse linkage could bias study results with linked data. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data are routinely linked to administrative records from the Social Security Administration and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

Relationships between adult emotional states and indicators of health care utilization: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey 2006-2014.

Objective: Adults with serious psychological distress have a high likelihood of mental health problems severe enough to cause serious impairment in social and occupational functioning requiring treatment. These adults visit doctors frequently yet have poor health compared to adults without serious psychological distress. This study examined associations between emotional states of serious psychological distress in relationship to healthcare utilization indicators.

Relationships Between Living Arrangements and Health Status Among Older Adults in the United States, 2009-2014: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey.

Limited research has examined how health varies across living arrangements among older adults. Adults aged 65 years and older were sampled from National Health Interview Survey 2009-2014. Four indicators of health (serious psychological distress, health status, functional limitations, and number of health conditions) were compared across older adults living alone, living with others related/unrelated, living with a spouse/partner (no children), and living with children (no spouse/partner).

Serious Psychological Distress Among Adults: United States, 2009-2013.

In every age group, women were more likely to have serious psychological distress than men. Among all adults, as income increased, the percentage with serious psychological distress decreased. Adults aged 18-64 with serious psychological distress were more likely to be uninsured (30.

Racial differences in antidepressant use among older home health care patients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association of race (black and white) with depression diagnosis and antidepressant use among older home health care patients.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from the 2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey of patients 65 years and older (N=3,157). Data were analyzed by race, antidepressant use, and charted depression diagnosis.

Factors associated with non-completion in a double-blind randomized controlled trial of olanzapine plus sertraline versus olanzapine plus placebo for psychotic depression.

High rates of attrition have been reported in randomized controlled trials of patients with severe psychiatric illness, including psychotic depression (MDpsy). The purpose of this study is to examine factors associated with overall attrition and with subtypes of attrition in the Study of the Pharmacotherapy of Psychotic Depression (STOP-PD). Secondary analysis of data collected in a multi-site, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Demographic, clinical, and functional factors associated with antidepressant use in the home healthcare elderly.

Objectives: Determine rates and demographic, clinical, and functional correlates of antidepressants (ADs) in home healthcare patients.

Methods: Year 2007 cross-sectional National Home Health and Hospice Care Survey (N = 3,226) of patients 65 years or older (mean 80.11, confidence interval [CI] = 79.

Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with antidepressant type in a national sample of the home health care elderly.

Objective: The study examined in home health care (HHC) the demographic, functional and clinical factors by antidepressant (AD) type including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and "Other" ADs such as bupropion and mirtazapine.

Method: Cross-sectional sample (N=909) was analyzed from the 2007 National Home Health and Hospice Care Survey that included patients 65 years and older [mean=78.79 years, confidence interval (CI)=77.

Divergence by ADHD subtype in smoking cessation response to OROS-methylphenidate.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition subclassified in DSM-IV according to its core symptoms domains as (a) predominantly inattentive (ADHD-IN), (b) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-H), and (c) combined inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-C). Whether these subtypes represent distinct clinical entities or points on a severity continuum is controversial. Divergence in treatment response is a potential indicator of qualitative heterogeneity.

OROS-methylphenidate or placebo for adult smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: racial/ethnic differences.

Objective: To explore racial/ethnic difference in OROS-methylphenidate (OMPH) efficacy when added to nicotine patch and counseling for treating nicotine dependence among smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: Participants were adult smokers with ADHD (202 whites and 51 non-whites) randomly assigned to OMPH or placebo in a multi-site, randomized controlled trial. Study outcomes were complete, prolonged, and point-prevalence abstinence at the end of treatment, and weekly ratings of ADHD symptoms, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and desire to smoke.