Update on Therapies and Treatments in Women's Health.

This article contains noninclusive language such as "females" and "women" when those terms were used in the research and historic context we are summarizing. New therapies have become available for vasomotor symptoms, postpartum depression, contraception, osteoporosis, recurrent yeast infections, acute and recurrent urinary tract infections, and female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. These therapies meet unique patient needs and change clinical practice for select groups.

Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Background: Numerous studies demonstrate associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and a variety of common disorders, including musculoskeletal, metabolic, cardiovascular, malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Although a causal link between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and many disorders has not been clearly established, these associations have led to widespread supplementation with vitamin D and increased laboratory testing for 25(OH)D in the general population. The benefit-risk ratio of this increase in vitamin D use is not clear, and the optimal vitamin D intake and the role of testing for 25(OH)D for disease prevention remain uncertain.

The electronic health record Risk of Alzheimer's and Dementia Assessment Rule (eRADAR) Brain Health Trial: Protocol for an embedded, pragmatic clinical trial of a low-cost dementia detection algorithm.

Background: About half of people living with dementia have not received a diagnosis, delaying access to treatment, education, and support. We previously developed a tool, eRADAR, which uses information in the electronic health record (EHR) to identify patients who may have undiagnosed dementia. This paper provides the protocol for an embedded, pragmatic clinical trial (ePCT) implementing eRADAR in two healthcare systems to determine whether an intervention using eRADAR increases dementia diagnosis rates and to examine the benefits and harms experienced by patients and other stakeholders.

LungCARE: Encouraging Shared Decision-Making in Lung Cancer Screening-a Randomized Trial.

Background: Lung cancer screening (LCS) is recommended for individuals at high risk due to age and smoking history after a shared decision-making conversation. However, little is known about best strategies for incorporating shared decision-making, especially in a busy primary care setting.

Objective: To develop a novel tool, Lung Cancer Assessment of Risk and Education (LungCARE) to guide LCS decisions among eligible primary care patients.

Efficacy of a Primary Care-Based Mobile Application to Increase Hepatitis C Screening Among Asian Americans: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening remains suboptimal. We assessed the efficacy of a mobile application and provider alert in enhancing HCV screening among Asian Americans.

Methods: A secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized clinical trial was performed during the birth cohort screening era to assess the efficacy of a Hepatitis App (intervention), a multilingual mobile application delivering interactive video education on viral hepatitis and creating a Provider Alert printout, at primary care clinics within 2 healthcare systems in San Francisco from 2015 to 2017.

Women's health update: A literature review impacting primary care.

The authors review studies on key issues in women's health with potential impact on internal medicine practice. The reviewed articles discuss cardiovascular disease risks, bone health, breast cancer genetics, cervical cancer prevention, depression in the peripartum period, pelvic pain, and emergency contraception.

Barriers and Facilitators to Lung Cancer Screening: A Physician Survey.

Purpose: To describe barriers to lung cancer screening (LCS) among family medicine and general internal medicine primary care physicians (PCPs) and assess the association of barriers with discussion and referral for screening.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Subjects And Settings: Random sample of primary care physicians (PCPs) in California.

Health Within Reach-a Patient-Centered Intervention to Increase Hepatitis B Screening Among Asian Americans: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: There are few studies to date of interventions to increase viral hepatitis screening among Asian Americans, who have high rates of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection.

Objective: To develop, implement, and test the efficacy of a mobile application (Hepatitis App) delivered in four languages to increase HBV screening among Asian Americans.

Design: Cluster-randomized clinical trial.

Evaluating the sustainability of a cancer screening intervention through a PRISM: The PreView experience.

Although many trials of cancer screening interventions evaluate efficacy and effectiveness, less research focuses on how to sustain interventions in non-research settings, which limit the potential reach of these interventions. Identifying the factors that influence the potential for sustainability is critical. We evaluate the factors influencing sustainability of PreView, a Cancer Screening Intervention, within the context of the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM).

An Exploration of New Graduate Nurses' Transition to Specialty Practice.

New graduates' adjustment to high-acuity specialty areas was evaluated using qualitative methods in a hospital system that uses the Versant New Graduate Residency Program. Subjects were interviewed at baseline in person, answered interview questions at 6 months via computer, and were interviewed at 12 months in person. Twelve themes emerged from the interviews, reflecting intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting new graduate nurse adjustment.

The Effectiveness and Value of Oral Immunotherapy and Viaskin Peanut for Peanut Allergy.

Funding for this summary was contributed by Arnold Ventures, Commonwealth Fund, California Health Care Foundation, National Institute for Health Care Management (NIHCM), New England States Consortium Systems Organization, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, and Partners HealthCare to the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), an independent organization that evaluates the evidence on the value of health care interventions. ICER's annual policy summit is supported by dues from Aetna, America's Health Insurance Plans, Anthem, Allergan, Alnylam, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Blue Shield of CA, Cambia Health Services, CVS, Editas, Express Scripts, Genentech/Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Harvard Pilgrim, Health Care Service Corporation, Health Partners, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), Kaiser Permanente, LEO Pharma, Mallinckrodt, Merck, Novartis, National Pharmaceutical Council, Premera, Prime Therapeutics, Regeneron, Sanofi, Spark Therapeutics, and United Healthcare. Herron-Smith and Pearson are employed by ICER, which has a contract with the University of California, San Francisco, to perform work for these analyses.

Nursing attitudes and practices for routine I.V. catheter resiting.

Purpose: To understand nursing perceptions of hospital requirements for routine resiting of short peripheral catheters (SPCs).

Methods: This exploratory research project at the authors' medium-sized regional referral and trauma center utilized an online survey to assess the perceived efficacy and patient disruption related to SPC resiting among acute care nurses.

Results: Out of 203 eligible nurses, 81 participated.

PreView: a Randomized Trial of a Multi-site Intervention in Diverse Primary Care to Increase Rates of Age-Appropriate Cancer Screening.

Background: Women aged 50-70 should receive breast, cervical (until age 65), and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening; men aged 50-70 should receive CRC screening and should discuss prostate cancer screening (PSA). PreView, an interactive, individually tailored Video Doctor Plus Provider Alert Intervention, adresses all cancers for which average risk 50-70-year-old individuals are due for screening or screening discussion.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in 6 clinical sites.

Informing New Mothers about Newborn Screening Bloodspot Repositories during Postpartum Hospitalization.

Purpose: The primary goals of the study were to assess maternal knowledge and attitudes about the newborn screening bloodspot repository program in Texas and to evaluate the effect of a video about the bloodspot repository on the rate of parental permission to store infant bloodspots.

Design: This descriptive, comparative study used descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, and multivariable analyses to describe the sample, compare groups, and determine associations between factors that influenced parents' decisions to permit state storage of infant bloodspots.

Results: There were 465 mothers in the study.

Are genetics/genomics competencies essential for all clinical nurses?

In 2006, the American Nurses Association created a set of essential genetics and genomics (G/G) competencies for all RNs, regardless of academic preparation, practice setting, or specialty. However, more than half of the RNs practicing today received no prelicensure education on these G/G competencies. This study describes the current use of G/G nursing competencies in acute care hospitals and how nurses perceive them.

The Effectiveness and Value of Biologic Therapies for the Treatment of Uncontrolled Asthma.

Funding for this summary was contributed by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, Blue Shield of California, and California Health Care Foundation to the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), an independent organization that evaluates the evidence on the value of health care interventions. ICER's annual policy summit is supported by dues from Aetna, AHIP, Anthem, Blue Shield of California, CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Cambia Health Solutions, United Healthcare, Kaiser Permanente, Premera Blue Cross, AstraZeneca, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, National Pharmaceutical Council, Prime Therapeutics, Sanofi, Spark Therapeutics, Health Care Service Corporation, Editas, Alnylam, Regeneron, Mallinkrodt, Biogen, HealthPartners, and Novartis. Synnott, Kumar, Adair, Rind, and Pearson are employees of ICER, which provided grants to the University of California, San Francisco, and the University of Colorado to perform work for these analyses.

Beyond fall risk assessment: A case-control study in an Urban Medical Center.

Aims And Objectives: To examine the characteristics of patients that fell and compare them with patients that did not fall and to seek differences between the two groups that might help better predict falls in future patients.

Background: It has been estimated that between 700,000 and one million inpatient falls occur yearly in hospitals in the United States, which results in an increase in healthcare costs of over $19 billion dollars per year.

Design: This was a case-control study employing a retrospective analysis of inpatient electronic health records.

Women's health 2016: An update for internists.

Internists are called upon on a daily basis to address a range of women's health issues. Staying up to date with the evidence in this wide field can be challenging. This article reviews important studies published in 2015 and early 2016 pertinent to urinary tract infection, osteoporosis, ovarian cancer screening, and contraception.

HPV Update: Vaccination, Screening, and Associated Disease.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the causative agent in cervical cancer, and is associated with numerous other genital cancers, including vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancer. Primary prevention with HPV vaccination is safe and efficacious, and a recently approved HPV vaccine will provide even more extensive protection against several oncogenic HPV strains. Screening strategies for HPV are rapidly evolving, reflecting the essential role that HPV infection plays in cervical cancer.

Empowering nurses with evidence-based practice environments: surveying Magnet®, Pathway to Excellence®, and non-magnet facilities in one healthcare system.

Background: Nurses have an essential role in implementing evidence-based practices (EBP) that contribute to high-quality outcomes. It remains unknown how healthcare facilities can increase nurse engagement in EBP.

Purpose: To determine whether individual or organizational qualities could be identified that were related to registered nurses' (RNs') readiness for EBP as measured by their reported EBP barriers, ability, desire, and frequency of behaviors.

Value of Genetic Testing for Hereditary Colorectal Cancer in a Probability-Based US Online Sample.

Background: . While choices about genetic testing are increasingly common for patients and families, and public opinion surveys suggest public interest in genomics, it is not known how adults from the general population value genetic testing for heritable conditions. We sought to understand in a US sample the relative value of the characteristics of genetic tests to identify risk of hereditary colorectal cancer, among the first genomic applications with evidence to support its translation to clinical settings.