Spontaneous breathing trial with pressure support on positive end-expiratory pressure and extensive use of non-invasive ventilation versus T-piece in difficult-to-wean patients from mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The aim of this study is to assess whether a strategy combining spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) with both pressure support (PS) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and extended use of post-extubation non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (extensively-assisted weaning) would shorten the time until successful extubation as compared with SBT with T-piece (TP) and post-extubation NIV performed in selected patients as advocated by guidelines (standard weaning), in difficult-to-wean patients from mechanical ventilation.

Methods: The study is a single-center prospective open label, randomized controlled superiority trial with two parallel groups and balanced randomization with a 1:1 ratio. Eligible patients were intubated patients mechanically ventilated for more than 24 h who failed their first SBT using TP.

Adverse Events and Infectious Complications in the Critically Ill Treated by Plasma Exchange: A Five-Year Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine, in critically ill patients treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), the incidence of adverse events as well as the incidence of secondary infections and its predictive factors.

Design: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of an intensive care population treated with TPE to collect adverse events and infectious complications. The characteristics of patients who developed an infection after plasma exchange were compared with those of patients who did not.

Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and tolerance of cefoxitin in the treatment of cefoxitin-susceptible extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales infections in critically ill patients: a retrospective single-center study.

Background: Cefoxitin is active against some extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE), but has not been evaluated so far in the intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Data upon its pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerance and efficacy in critical conditions are scanty. We performed a retrospective single-center study in a university hospital medical ICU, in subjects presenting with cefoxitin-susceptible ESBL-PE infection and treated with cefoxitin.

Prevalence and risk factors of hemodynamic instability associated with preload-dependence during continuous renal replacement therapy in a prospective observational cohort of critically ill patients.

Background: Hemodynamic instability is a frequent complication of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Postural tests (i.e.

Quantitative-analysis of computed tomography in COVID-19 and non COVID-19 ARDS patients: A case-control study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess whether the computed tomography (CT) features of COVID-19 (COVID+) ARDS differ from those of non-COVID-19 (COVID-) ARDS patients.

Materials And Methods: The study is a single-center prospective observational study performed on adults with ARDS onset ≤72 h and a PaO/FiO ≤ 200 mmHg. CT scans were acquired at PEEP set using a PEEP-FiO table with VT adjusted to 6 ml/kg predicted body weight.

A retrospective study of factors associated with treatment decision for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in adults without altered systemic immunity.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung diseases are increasingly recognized as chronic opportunistic infections, occurring in individuals with a wide variety of underlying conditions. In the absence of systemic immunodeficiency, decision of NTM lung disease treatment must relies on a careful risk/benefit assessment, given the requirement of long-term administration of multidrug therapies supported by limited evidence. The primary objective was to identify the factors associated with anti-NTM treatment initiation.