Five-year trends in acetaminophen use exceeding the recommended daily maximum dose.

Temporal patterns of acetaminophen use exceeding the recommended daily maximum dosage of 4 g over a 5-year period (4/1/2011-3/31/2016) were evaluated in an online 1-week diary study of 14 434 adult acetaminophen users who also reported acetaminophen use in the previous month. Specific medications taken were identified by list-based prompting; respondents were not required to know their medications contained acetaminophen. Details of use were recorded daily; total daily dosage was determined programmatically.

Knowledge of dosing directions among current users of acetaminophen-containing medications.

Objectives: Users should know the active ingredients and dosing directions to optimize the safe use of acetaminophen-containing medications. The aim of this work was to examine knowledge of acetaminophen-containing medication directions among current users.

Design, Setting, And Participants: An Internet panel diary study (2012-2016) of 1-week usage of acetaminophen medications (over-the-counter [OTC] and prescription), recorded daily; 9629 participants.

Exceeding the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen with use of different single-ingredient OTC formulations.

Objectives: To assess whether there are differences in the likelihood of exceeding the daily limit of 4 grams of acetaminophen when using different formulations (325 mg, 500 mg, 650 mg) of OTC single-ingredient (SI) acetaminophen medications.

Design And Setting: Multiyear observational study of acetaminophen use via daily online acetaminophen-usage diaries completed for 7 days.

Participants: A total of 7579 U.

Prevalence of exceeding maximum daily dose of paracetamol, and seasonal variations in cold-flu season.

Aims: To estimate prevalence of excess intake of paracetamol and investigate seasonal variations therein.

Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 14 481 US adults who used paracetamol in the preceding 30 days were sampled from national online panels and completed a detailed online daily diary of paracetamol medication use for 7 days. Respondents were not told that the study concerned paracetamol.

Exceeding the daily dosing limit of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among ibuprofen users.

Purpose: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective and very commonly used, but also have side effects. We determined prevalence of NSAID dosing exceeding the daily limit (EDL) and identified related user characteristics and dosing patterns among current ibuprofen users.

Methods: Online 1-week diary study of 1326 ibuprofen users.

Applications for Research Concerning Fetal or Placental Tissue and Expected Institutional Review Board Responses.

Proposals for research concerning fetal and/or placental tissue may be refused institutional review board (IRB) review, effectively preventing the research from occurring. We conducted an anonymous electronic survey of IRB chairs to determine their assessment of the likely response to research projects using fetal/placental tissue obtained from various procedures. We found that proposals concerning tissue obtained from diagnostic procedures or miscarriage were anticipated to be considered at most institutions.

Relation of Health Literacy to Exceeding the Labeled Maximum Daily Dose of Acetaminophen.

Introduction: Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic/antipyretic; overdoses can lead to liver damage. Little is known about the relationship of health literacy to exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose (4 g).

Methods: Subjects were recruited at 23 U.

Patterns of acetaminophen medication use associated with exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose.

Background: Acetaminophen overuse has been linked to liver injury.

Purpose: To identify patterns of medication use associated with exceeding the recommended daily maximum dose of 4 g acetaminophen.

Methods: Respondents from a national panel completed a detailed daily medication diary online for 7 days (n = 5649), identifying medications taken from a comprehensive list of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription (Rx) acetaminophen medications.

Prevalence and correlates of exceeding the labeled maximum dose of acetaminophen among adults in a U.S.-based internet survey.

Purpose: Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic; excessive doses can lead to liver damage. We sought to determine the proportion of acetaminophen users exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose of 4 g and identify correlates of such behavior.

Methods: U.

Factors related to colonization with Oxalobacter formigenes in U.S. adults.

Goals: To elucidate the determinants of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization in humans.

Background: O. formigenes is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the colon of a substantial proportion of the normal population and metabolizes dietary and endogenous oxalate.

Psychosocial outcomes in children with hemifacial microsomia.

Objective: To determine whether children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) have higher risk for psychosocial problems than children without HFM.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-six children with HFM (64% male, mean age = 6.9 years) were compared to 568 matched controls (50% male, mean age = 7.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with hemifacial microsomia.

Objective: To determine whether preadolescent children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) have higher risk of neurodevelopmental delays than unaffected control individuals.

Design: Case-control follow-up study of neurodevelopment in children with and without HFM.

Setting: Case individuals were originally recruited from 26 craniofacial centers across the United States and Canada, and controls were recruited through community pediatricians.

Vitamin, fluoride, and iron use among US children younger than 12 years of age: results from the Slone Survey 1998-2007.

Pediatric vitamin and mineral supplements are thought to be used commonly in the United States, but details of their use are lacking. Using data from the Slone Survey (a cross-sectional national random-digit-dial medication use survey), this study sought to define the prevalence and patterns of use of supplemental vitamins, fluoride, and iron among US children younger than 12 years of age. Primary statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics and calculation of weighted prevalence of use estimates with 95% confidence intervals.

Statin and NSAID use and prostate cancer risk.

Purpose: Some studies have reported reduced risks of advanced, but not early, prostate cancer among statin users, and one study found a reduced risk only among statin users who had also used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We have previously reported no association between statin use and prostate cancer in our hospital-based Case Control Surveillance Study. The purpose of the present analyses was to update the findings by cancer stage and to evaluate the joint use of statins and NSAIDs.

General exposures to prescription medications by race/ethnicity in a population-based sample: results from the Boston Area Community Health Survey.

Purpose: Few recent U.S. studies have examined population-based patterns in prescription drug use and even fewer have considered detailed patterns by race/ethnicity.

Medication use among children <12 years of age in the United States: results from the Slone Survey.

Objectives: Using data from the Slone Survey, we sought to define the prevalence of over-the-counter and prescription medication use among US children <12 years of age and to determine the prevalence and patterns of use of the most commonly used medications.

Methods: The Slone Survey was a random-digit-dial telephone survey of medication use in the previous 7 days for a representative sample of the US population. Between February 1998 and April 2007, we enrolled 2857 children 0 to 11 years of age from the 48 contiguous US states.

Medications as risk factors of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children: a pooled analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relation of medications to the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children <15 years of age.

Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis by using data from 2 multicenter international case-control studies: the severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) study and the multinational severe cutaneous adverse reaction (EuroSCAR) study conducted in France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, the Netherlands, Austria, and Israel. We selected case subjects aged <15 years, hospitalized for Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis-overlap, or toxic epidermal necrolysis, and age-, gender-, and country-matched hospital controls.

Emergency department visits attributed to selected analgesics, United States, 2004-2005.

Purpose: To estimate the rate of emergency department (ED) visits attributed to selected analgesic-containing medications.

Methods: We used a nationally representative public health surveillance system to provide estimates of adverse events identified in EDs, and a national telephone survey to provide estimates of selected analgesic-containing medication usage in the US population, 2004-2005. Analysis was restricted to products containing acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen.

Pseudoephedrine use among US children, 1999-2006: results from the Slone survey.

Objective: Pseudoephedrine, a decongestant found in many cough-and-cold and allergy medications, has been associated with deaths and adverse events in young children; however, the absolute risks of pediatric pseudoephedrine use are difficult to assess because the number of children exposed on a population basis and typical patterns of use are unknown. In addition, use may be changing because of the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005, which limited pseudoephedrine availability. We sought to describe the prevalence and patterns of pseudoephedrine use among US children and to assess any change since the 2005 law took effect.

Cough and cold medication use by US children, 1999-2006: results from the slone survey.

Objective: Pediatric cough and cold medications are widely marketed in the United States, but the precise patterns of use among children are not known. Such information is especially important given recent reports suggesting that these medications are responsible for previously underappreciated serious adverse events and deaths among children. We sought to describe the prevalence and patterns of pediatric use of cough and cold medications, with particular attention to use among young children.

Prevalence and characteristics of opioid use in the US adult population.

This report describes the prevalence of opioid use in the US adult population, overall and in subgroups, the characteristics of opioid use, and concomitant medication use among opioid users. Data were obtained from the Slone Survey, a population-based random-digit dialing survey. One household member was randomly selected to answer a series of questions regarding all medications taken during the previous week.

Oxalobacter formigenes may reduce the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stones.

Most kidney stones are composed primarily of calcium oxalate. Oxalobacter formigenes is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that metabolizes oxalate in the intestinal tract and is present in a large proportion of the normal adult population. It was hypothesized that the absence of O.

Lung cancer and regular use of aspirin and nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the US. There is evidence of a reduced risk of some cancer sites associated with use of aspirin (ASA) and nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NANSAIDs). Our objective was to examine the association of regular use of ASA and NANSAIDs with lung cancer.

Use of herbal/natural supplements according to racial/ethnic group.

Objectives: The aim of this paper was to determine similarities and differences in the use of herbal/natural supplements among various racial/ethnic groups.

Design: A random-digit dial (RDD) telephone survey of medication use during the week before the interview was used.

Settings/location: Households in the 48 contiguous United States comprised our study.