Scoping review search practices in the social sciences: A scoping review.

A thorough literature search is a key feature of scoping reviews. We investigated the search practices used by social science researchers as reported in their scoping reviews. We collected scoping reviews published between 2015 and 2021 from Social Science Citation Index.

Understanding youth and young adult cannabis use in Canada post-legalization: a scoping review on a public health issue.

Background: Canada legalized recreational cannabis in 2018, and one of the primary objectives of the Cannabis Act was to protect youth by reducing their access to cannabis and providing public education. Canada has the highest prevalence of cannabis use worldwide, particularly among youth and young adults under the age of 25. Cannabis use is linked with many adverse effects for youth and young adults including psychosis, anxiety, depression, respiratory distress, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, and impaired cognitive performance.

Evaluation of the Current State of Chatbots for Digital Health: Scoping Review.

Background: Chatbots have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, enabling natural language conversations with users through various modes of communication. Chatbots have the potential to play a significant role in promoting health and well-being. As the number of studies and available products related to chatbots continues to rise, there is a critical need to assess product features to enhance the design of chatbots that effectively promote health and behavioral change.

Using Twitter-Based Data for Sexual Violence Research: Scoping Review.

Background: Scholars have used data from in-person interviews, administrative systems, and surveys for sexual violence research. Using Twitter as a data source for examining the nature of sexual violence is a relatively new and underexplored area of study.

Objective: We aimed to perform a scoping review of the current literature on using Twitter data for researching sexual violence, elaborate on the validity of the methods, and discuss the implications and limitations of existing studies.

Why do researchers co-author evidence syntheses with librarians? A mixed-methods study.

Librarians and information specialists are experts in designing comprehensive literature searches, such as those needed for Evidence Syntheses (ES). The contributions of these professionals to ES research teams have several documented benefits, especially when they collaborate on the project. However, librarian co-authorship is relatively rare.

Cannabis use among youth in Canada: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Canadian youth (aged 15-24) have the highest rates of cannabis use globally. There are increasing concerns about the adverse effects of cannabis use on youth physical and mental health. However, there are gaps in our understanding of risks and harms to youth.

Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality as a Tool for Studying Bystander Behaviors in Interpersonal Violence: Scoping Review.

Background: To provide participants with a more real and immersive intervening experience, virtual reality (VR) and/or augmented reality (AR) technologies have been integrated into some bystander intervention training programs and studies measuring bystander behaviors.

Objective: We focused on whether VR or AR can be used as a tool to enhance training bystanders. We reviewed the evidence from empirical studies that used VR and/or AR as a tool for examining bystander behaviors in the domain of interpersonal violence research.

Recovery-oriented social work practice in mental health and addictions: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Social work is a key profession in the field of mental health worldwide and the profession has values that are aligned with a recovery paradigm. However, there are gaps in understanding how social workers are applying the recovery paradigm in practice. This study will scope and synthesise the literature related to recovery and social work practice in mental health and addictions.

Quality of Colonoscopy Performed in Rural Practice: Experience From the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative and the Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network.

Purpose: Colon cancer screening is effective. To complete screening in 80% of individuals over age 50 years by 2018 will require adequate colonoscopy capacity throughout the country, including rural areas, where colonoscopy providers may have less specialized training. Our aim was to study the quality of colonoscopy in rural settings.

Race, ethnicity, and sex affect risk for polyps >9 mm in average-risk individuals.

Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer risk differs based on patient demographics. We aimed to measure the prevalence of significant colorectal polyps in average-risk individuals and to determine differences based on age, sex, race, or ethnicity.

Methods: In a prospective study, colonoscopy data were collected, using an endoscopic report generator, from 327,785 average-risk adults who underwent colorectal cancer screening at 84 gastrointestinal practice sites from 2000 to 2011.

Low rate of large polyps (>9 mm) within 10 years after an adequate baseline colonoscopy with no polyps.

Background & Aims: Guidelines recommend a 10-year interval between screening colonoscopies with negative results for average-risk individuals. However, many patients are examined at shorter intervals. We investigated outcomes of individuals with no polyps who had repeat colonoscopy in <10 years.

Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores provide a standardized definition of adequate for describing bowel cleanliness.

Background: Establishing a threshold of bowel cleanliness below which colonoscopies should be repeated at accelerated intervals is important, yet there are no standardized definitions for an adequate preparation.

Objective: To determine whether Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) scores could serve as a standard definition of adequacy.

Design: Cross-sectional observational analysis of colonoscopy data from 36 adult GI endoscopy practices and prospective survey showing 4 standardized colonoscopy videos with varying degrees of bowel cleanliness.

Colonoscopy utilization and outcomes 2000 to 2011.

Background: Understanding colonoscopy utilization and outcomes can help determine when the procedure is most effective.

Objective: To study trends in utilization and outcomes of colonoscopy in the United States from 2000 to 2011.

Design: Prospective collection of colonoscopy data.

Validity of a Web-based educational program to disseminate a standardized bowel preparation rating scale.

Goals: Our goal was to assess the validity of a Web-based educational program on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS).

Background: Data on Web-based education for improving the practice and quality of colonoscopy are limited.

Study: Endoscopists worldwide participated in the BBPS Educational Program.

Developing a survey to assess factors that contribute to physician involvement in clinical research.

Background: Investment in research, including clinical research, has positive effects both on health of a population and economic growth of a country. Several factors have been suggested as being related to the performance of clinical research. The goal of this work was to develop and perform initial validation of a survey that measures both current research involvement of physicians, as well as previously noted factors and additional informatics factors affecting this involvement.

Evaluating the accuracy of electronic pediatric drug dosing rules.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of vendor-supplied dosing eRules for pediatric medication orders. Inaccurate or absent dosing rules can lead to high numbers of false alerts or undetected prescribing errors and may potentially compromise safety in this already vulnerable population.

Materials And Methods: 7 months of medication orders and alerts from a large pediatric hospital were analyzed.

Caveats for the use of operational electronic health record data in comparative effectiveness research.

The growing amount of data in operational electronic health record systems provides unprecedented opportunity for its reuse for many tasks, including comparative effectiveness research. However, there are many caveats to the use of such data. Electronic health record data from clinical settings may be inaccurate, incomplete, transformed in ways that undermine their meaning, unrecoverable for research, of unknown provenance, of insufficient granularity, and incompatible with research protocols.

Recommendations for the use of operational electronic health record data in comparative effectiveness research.

There is an increasing amount of clinical data in operational electronic health record (EHR) systems. Such data provide substantial opportunities for their re-use for many purposes, including comparative effectiveness research (CER). In a previous paper, we identified a number of caveats related to the use of such data, noting that they may be inaccurate, incomplete, transformed in ways that undermine their meaning, unrecoverable for research, of unknown provenance, of insufficient granularity, or incompatible with research protocols.

Representing multi-database study schemas for reusability.

The need for easy, non-technical interfaces to clinical databases for research preceded translational research activities but is made more important because of them. The utility of such interfaces can be improved by the presence of a persistent, reusable and modifiable structure that holds the decisions made in extraction of data from one or more datasources for a study, including the filtering of records, selection of the fields within those records, renaming of fields, and classification of data. This paper demonstrates use of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) as a data representation of these decisions which define a study schema.

Improving quality in cancer screening: the excellence report for colonoscopy.

The goal of this project was to create and evaluate a quality measures program for colonoscopy procedures using measures recently defined by multi-specialty groups and using resources of the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative (CORI), a gastrointestinal endoscopy research consortium. Participants collect procedure data through an endoscopic reporting system developed by CORI. Endoscopists practicing at 35 sites in 21 communities and 16 states were included in the study.

The use of databases and registries to enhance colonoscopy quality.

Administrative databases, registries, and clinical databases are designed for different purposes and therefore have different advantages and disadvantages in providing data for enhancing quality. Administrative databases provide the advantages of size, availability, and generalizability, but are subject to constraints inherent in the coding systems used and from data collection methods optimized for billing. Registries are designed for research and quality reporting but require significant investment from participants for secondary data collection and quality control.

Assessment of the quality of colonoscopy reports: results from a multicenter consortium.

Background: To improve colonoscopy quality, reports must include key quality indicators that can be monitored.

Objective: To determine the quality of colonoscopy reports in diverse practice settings.

Setting: The consortium of the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative, which includes 73 U.

The effectiveness of a secure email reminder system for colorectal cancer screening.

This study looks at the effectiveness of using a secure email system linked to an electronic health record to send reminders to patients in an effort to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates; 1397 subjects were randomized to receive usual care, a letter reminder or an email reminder which invited patients to pick up a fecal occult blood test at the lab for CRC screening. The number of completed CRC screenings was tallied after a 3 month study period. Rates of CRC screening in the 3 groups were 7.