"We want to include him in that journey": A qualitative descriptive study of parental experiences and considerations for sibling inclusion in the paediatric ICU.

Objectives: Siblings are an important yet often forgotten part of the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) family experience. Commonly, siblings are supported through the experience by their parents; however, very little is known about parental experiences of providing this support. This study aims to explore parental experiences of supporting sibling inclusion in PICU.

Short midline catheters: High success rates for antibiotic therapy in children with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: Short midline catheter use in paediatric populations appears to be increasing, however data on success rates and efficacy are sparse. This study aims to describe the success rate when midline venous catheters are employed as a single device for intravenous antibiotic therapy in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in a single institution, retrieving electronic medical record data from July 2017 through March 2020.

Healthcare and associated costs related to type 2 diabetes in youth and adolescence: the TODAY clinical trial experience.

The economic issues related to medical treatments in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are rarely reported and thus not fully understood. The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth clinical trial of youth recently diagnosed with T2D collected healthcare and related cost information from the largest cohort studied to date. Costs related to medical treatments and expenses faced by caregivers were identified over a 2-year period from 496 participants.

Respiratory physicians and clinic coordinators' attitudes to population-based cystic fibrosis carrier screening.

Background: Attitudes of Australian CF healthcare professionals toward population-based cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier screening were examined.

Method: A purpose-designed questionnaire was distributed to 111 respiratory physicians and 30 CF clinic coordinators throughout Australia.

Results: Seventy-one questionnaires (52 physicians and 19 coordinators (46.

The natural history and predictors of persistent problem behaviours in cystic fibrosis: a multicentre, prospective study.

Background: In cystic fibrosis (CF), problems with sleep, eating/mealtime behaviours, physiotherapy adherence and parental mental health issues are common, yet their natural history and the extent of service use to address them are unknown.

Objective: Follow up the 2007 cohort to determine: (1) prevalence of child sleep, eating/mealtime behaviours, physiotherapy adherence, and externalising/internalising problem behaviours and primary caregiver mental health status after a 3-year period; (2) natural history of child behaviours; (3) potentially modifiable predictors of persistent problems; and (4) service use for behaviours.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Effectiveness and net cost of reminder/recall for adolescent immunizations.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of reminder/recall (R/R) for immunizing adolescents in private pediatric practices and to describe the associated costs and revenues.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in 4 private pediatric practices in metropolitan Denver. In each practice, 400 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years who had not received 1 or more targeted vaccinations (tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis, meningococcal conjugate, or first dose of human papillomavirus vaccine for female patients) were randomly selected and randomized to intervention (2 letters and 2 telephone calls) or control (usual care) groups.

Effectiveness and cost of immunization recall at school-based health centers.

Background And Objective: Effectiveness of recall for immunizations has not been examined in the setting of school-based health centers (SBHCs). We assessed (1) immunization rates achieved with recall among sixth-grade girls (demonstration study); (2) effectiveness of recall among sixth-grade boys (randomized controlled trial [RCT]); and (3) cost of conducting recall in SBHCs.

Methods: During October 2008 through March 2009, in 4 Denver public SBHCs, we conducted (1) a demonstration study among 265 girls needing ≥ 1 recommended adolescent vaccine and (2) an RCT among 264 boys needing vaccines, with half randomized to recall and half receiving usual care.

Lessons learned from 20 years of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis.

Objective: To compare three cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening strategies used in Victoria since 1989.

Design, Setting And Participants: Retrospective review of newborn screening and clinical records for people with CF born in Victoria between 1989 and 2008 to compare screening strategies: repeat immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) testing (IRT/IRT, 1989-1990), IRT and p.F508del mutation analysis (IRT/p.

Cost of vaccine administration among pediatric practices.

Objective: The goal was to describe variable costs to providers of delivering childhood immunizations.

Methods: We documented variable costs (costs that vary with the amount of services rendered), including time spent by pediatric staff members and physicians on immunization-related activities, as well as supply costs and medical waste disposal costs. Ten private pediatric practices in the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area participated in the study.

Who is paying the bills? Health care costs for musculoskeletal back disorders, Washington State Union Carpenters, 1989-2003.

Objective: Factors associated with private health insurance payment rates for musculoskeletal back disorders were examined among a 15-year cohort of union carpenters. Payment patterns were contrasted with work-related back injury rates over time.

Methods: Negative binomial regression was used to assess payment rates; generalized estimated equations accounted for multiple observations per person and cost correlation within subjects.

Compensation costs of work-related back disorders among union carpenters, Washington State 1989-2003.

Background: We measured resources used to provide medical care and to estimate lost productivity represented by payments for lost work time or impairment for work-related back injuries among a large cohort of union carpenters over 15 years.

Methods: Using administrative data we identified a cohort of carpenters, their hours worked, their workers' compensation claims and associated costs. After adjustment for inflation and discounting to 2006 dollars, yearly costs for injuries and payment rates based on hours worked were calculated.

Neonatal outcomes after elective cesarean delivery.

Objective: To examine the outcomes of neonates born by elective repeat cesarean delivery compared with vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in women with one prior cesarean delivery and to evaluate the cost differences between elective repeat cesarean and VBAC.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 672 women with one prior cesarean delivery and a singleton pregnancy at or after 37 weeks of gestation. Women were grouped according to their intention to have an elective repeat cesarean or a VBAC (successful or failed).

"Safety is everyone's job:" the key to safety on a large university construction site.

Problem: Construction risk management is challenging.

Method: We combined data on injuries, costs, and hours worked, obtained through a Rolling Owner-Controlled Insurance Program (ROCIP), with data from focus groups, interviews, and field observations, to prospectively study injuries and hazard control on a large university construction project.

Results: Lost-time injury rates (1.

"Get smart Colorado": impact of a mass media campaign to improve community antibiotic use.

Context: Large-scale strategies are needed to reduce overuse of antibiotics in US communities.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign-"Get Smart Colorado"-on public exposure to campaign, antibiotic use, and office visit rates.

Design: Nonrandomized controlled trial.

Diabetes, minor depression and health care utilization and expenditures: a retrospective database study.

Background: To estimate the prevalence of minor depression among US adults with diabetes, health care resource utilization, and expenditures by people with diabetes with and without minor depression.

Methods: Among adult 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey respondents, diabetes was identified by diagnosis code and self-report. Depression was identified by diagnosis code plus > or = one antidepressant prescription.

Pediatric telephone call centers: how do they affect health care use and costs?

Objectives: After-hours call centers have been shown to provide appropriate triage with high levels of parental and provider satisfaction. However, few data are available on the costs and outcomes of call centers from the perspective of the health care system. With this study we sought to determine these outcomes.

Cervicitis: to treat or not to treat? The role of patient preferences and decision analysis.

Purpose: Mucopurulent cervicitis is neither a sensitive nor a specific indicator of antibiotic sensitive infection. This analysis examines the positive and negative ramifications of treating cervicitis empirically as a Chlamydial (CT) infection. It begins where prior analyses leave off, with the number of cases of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) prevented.

Refining the focus of construction injury surveillance.

We conducted two studies of construction injury occurring at Denver International Airport (DL4), whose construction required 31 million work hours. Initially we conducted a retrospective cohort study that allowed estimation of injury and workers' compensation (WC) payment rates for strata such as size of employer and type of work; risk factors were also estimated. The second study examined written injury reports for 4,000 injuries at DIA.

Changing their minds with time: a comparison of hypothetical and actual reproductive behaviors in parents of children with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis, with appropriate counseling, enables carrier parents to be informed early about future reproductive choices. Previous studies have assessed attitudes toward reproductive decisions in a hypothetical pregnancy or have measured reproductive behaviors. We aimed to measure parent attitudes to reproductive technologies and to compare prospectively these attitudes with later reproductive behaviors.

Examining the economic costs related to lifestyle and pharmacological interventions in youth with Type 2 diabetes.

The best treatment option for children with Type 2 diabetes has not yet been established. The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study is currently testing the efficacy of three therapies: metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone and metformin plus an intensive lifestyle intervention. The relative cost-effectiveness of these therapies is also being examined.

Uncomplicated acute renal failure and hospital resource utilization: a retrospective multicenter analysis.

Background: Although acute renal failure (ARF) complicating nonrenal organ dysfunction in the intensive care unit is associated with significant mortality and hospital costs, hospital resource utilization attributed to uncomplicated ARF is not well known. The goal of this study is to characterize the costs and lengths of stay (LOSs) incurred by hospitalized patients with uncomplicated ARF and their important determining factors.

Methods: We obtained hospital case-mix data sets from 23 Massachusetts hospitals for a 2-year period (1999 to 2000) from the Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance and Policy.

Methods for using narrative text from injury reports to identify factors contributing to construction injury.

Background: Several methods exist for classifying injuries from written text, thereby identifying possible points of intervention. We describe an innovative method for such classification.

Methods: Using Haddon's matrix as a framework, two independent reviewers coded text from over 4,000 injury reports into a qualitative software package to identify factors contributing to injuries sustained during construction of Denver International Airport (DIA).

Injuries from slips and trips in construction.

Construction injuries preceded by a slip or trip were documented using data from the building of the Denver International Airport (Denver, Colorado, USA), the largest construction project in the world at the time. Slips and trips occurred at a rate of 5/200,000 h worked accounting for 18% of all injuries and 25% of workers' compensation payments, or more than $10 million. Slips contributed to the vast majority (85%) of same-level falls and over 30% of falls from height, as well as a significant number of musculoskeletal injures sustained after slipping or tripping but without falling.

The "minimizing antibiotic resistance in Colorado" project: impact of patient education in improving antibiotic use in private office practices.

Objective: To assess the marginal impact of patient education on antibiotic prescribing to children with pharyngitis and adults with acute bronchitis in private office practices.

Data Sources/study Setting: Antibiotic prescription rates based on claims data from four managed care organizations in Colorado during baseline (winter 2000) and study (winter 2001) periods.

Study Design: A nonrandomized controlled trial of a household and office-based patient educational intervention was performed.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of four management strategies in the determination and follow-up of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance.

Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) are the most common abnormal cytological result on Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. We analyzed four management strategies in a hypothetical cohort of women divided by age group: (1) immediate colposcopy, (2) repeat cytology after an ASC-US Pap smear result, (3) conventional Pap with reflex human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and (4) liquid-based cytology with reflex HPV testing. Parameter variables were collected from previously published data.