Genotype by Yield*Trait (GYT) Biplot: a Novel Approach for Genotype Selection based on Multiple Traits.

Genotype selection based on multiple traits is a key issue in plant breeding; it has been dependent on setting a subjective weight for each trait in index selection and a subjective truncation point for each trait in independent culling, and the weights and truncation points can be highly subjective. In this paper we proposed and demonstrated a novel approach for genotype selection based on multiple traits, the genotype by yield*trait (GYT) biplot, where "trait" can be any breeding objective other than yield; it may be an agronomic trait, a grain quality, processing quality, or nutritional quality trait, or a disease resistance. The GYT biplot ranks genotypes based on their levels in combining yield with other target traits and at the same time shows their trait profiles, i.

The α' subunit of β-conglycinin and various glycinin subunits of soy are not required to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism in rats.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of soy proteins with depletion of different subunits of the two major storage proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, on hepatic lipids and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in rats, since the bioactive component of soy responsible for lipid-lowering is unclear.

Methods: Weanling Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 20% casein protein in the absence (casein) or presence (casein + ISF) of isoflavones or 20% alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (SPI) or 20% soy protein concentrates derived from a conventional (Haro) or 2 soybean lines lacking the α' subunit of β-conglycinin and the A1-3 (1TF) or A1-5 (1a) subunits of glycinin. After 8 weeks, the rats were necropsied and liver proteins and lipids were extracted and analysed.

The α' subunit of β-conglycinin and the A1-5 subunits of glycinin are not essential for many hypolipidemic actions of dietary soy proteins in rats.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of dietary soy protein (SP) lacking different storage protein subunits and isoflavones (ISF) on the abdominal fat, blood lipids, thyroid hormones, and enzymatic activities in rats.

Methods: Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (8 males and 8 females/group) were fed diets containing either 20 % casein without or with supplemental isoflavones or alcohol-washed SP isolate or SP concentrates (SPC) prepared from 6 different soy bean lines for 8 weeks.

Results: Feeding of diets containing SPC regardless of their subunit compositions significantly lowered relative liver weights, blood total, free, and LDL cholesterol in both genders (P < 0.

Identification and quantification of seed carotenoids in selected wheat species.

Selected primitive and modern wheat species were evaluated on the basis of their carotenoid composition and effects of the genotype and environment on lutein using spectrometry and liquid chromatography. Carotenoids in the wheat extracts were identified and confirmed on the basis of their UV/vis and mass spectra compared with those of authentic standards. The protonated molecule (M + 1)+ at m/z 569 was the predominant ion for zeaxanthin compared to the fragment ion at m/z 551 for lutein.