Correction: The effects of fermented vegetable consumption on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and levels of inflammatory markers in women: A pilot and feasibility study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The retina-specific basigin isoform does not induce IL-6 expression in mouse monocytes.

Purpose: Basigin gene products are positioned on adjacent cell types in the neural retina and are thought to compose a lactate metabolon important for photoreceptor cell function. The Ig0 domain of basigin isoform 1 (basigin-1) is highly conserved throughout evolution, which suggests a conserved function. It has been suggested that the Ig0 domain has proinflammatory properties, and it is hypothesized to interact with basigin isoform 2 (basigin-2) for cell adhesion and lactate metabolon formation.

Reduced expression of Basigin gene products in response to chronic inflammation may contribute to vision loss.

Chronic inflammation of the retina, like that of diabetic retinopathy, disrupts the blood-retina barrier (BRB). Disruption of the BRB increases vascular permeability and leads to vision loss. Basigin gene products, cell-adhesion molecules and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, are expressed on endothelial cells, photoreceptor cells and Müller glial cells.

The effects of fermented vegetable consumption on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and levels of inflammatory markers in women: A pilot and feasibility study.

The primary objective of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of regular consumption of fermented vegetables for six weeks on markers of inflammation and the composition of the gut microflora in women (clinical trials ID: NTC03407794). Thirty-one women were randomized into one of three groups: 100 g/day of fermented vegetables (group A), 100 g/day pickled vegetables (group B), or no vegetables (group C) for six weeks. Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and blood and stool samples were provided before and after the intervention for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP).

Mesohaline conditions represent the threshold for oxidative stress, cell death and toxin release in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa.

As aquatic ecosystems become increasingly affected by hydrologic alterations, drought and sea level rise a need exists to better understand the biological effects of elevated salinity on toxigenic cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa. This study investigated the impacts of oligohaline/low mesohaline conditions and exposure time on selected physiological and biochemical responses in M. aeruginosa including cell viability, oxidative stress, antioxidant responses, in addition to microcystin synthesis and release into the surrounding environment.

Characterization of the Expression of Basigin Gene Products Within the Pineal Gland of Mice.

The expression of Basigin gene products and monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) has been investigated within the mammalian neural retina and suggests a role for these proteins in cellular metabolism within that tissue. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of these same proteins in the pineal gland of the mouse brain. Mouse pineal gland and neural retina RNA and protein were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting analyses.

Deletion of the Basigin gene results in reduced mitochondria in the neural retina.

Basigin-null mice are characterized as blind from the time of eye opening, with degeneration of the retina beginning at 8weeks of age, and progressing until the entire photoreceptor cell layer is destroyed. It is likely that a metabolic deficiency underlies the blindness and degeneration phenotypes, as it has been determined that Basigin-null mice do not express the transporter protein monocarboxylate transporter one on the membrane of photoreceptor cells and inner segments, nor Müller cells of the neural retina, as is observed in normal mice. The purpose of the present study was to assess the health of mitochondria in normal and Basigin-null mice, specifically to determine if mitochondria within the Basigin-null mouse neural retina are metabolically active.

The 2M6 antigen is a Müller cell-specific intracellular membrane-associated protein of the sarcolemmal-membrane-associated protein family and is also TopAP.

Purpose: The differentiation marker 2M6 has been used to identify Müller cells within the developing chick retina for several years, although the molecular identity of 2M6 was not known. This study was aimed at determining the identity of the protein antigen recognized by the 2M6 monoclonal antibody.

Methods: Affinity chromatography and subsequent mass spectrometry were used to determine the molecular identity of the 2M6 antigen.

Characterization of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) binding affinity for Basigin gene products and L1cam.

The purpose of this study was to determine the binding affinities of Basigin gene products and neural cell adhesion molecule L1cam for monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1). ELISA binding assays were performed in which recombinant proteins of the transmembrane domains of Basigin gene products and L1cam were incubated with MCT1 captured from mouse brain. It was determined that Basigin gene products bind MCT1 with moderate affinity, but L1cam does not bind MCT1.

Hydrophobic interactions stabilize the basigin-MCT1 complex.

Previous reports demonstrated that monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) interacts with Basigin. It was hypothesized that the two proteins interact via the transmembrane domain of Basigin, specifically through the glutamate residue within the domain. We therefore sought to test this hypothesis and determine which amino acids of the Basigin protein are necessary for the interaction with MCT1.

Carbonic anhydrase XIV identified as the membrane CA in mouse retina: strong expression in Müller cells and the RPE.

The presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in the neural retina has been known for several decades. CA-II, a soluble cytoplasmic isoform expressed by Müller cells and a subset of amacrine cells, was thought to be the sole source of CA activity in the neural retina. However, CA-II deficient mice retain CA activity in the neural retina, which implies that another isoform must be present in that tissue.

5A11/Basigin gene products are necessary for proper maturation and function of the retina.

5A11/Basigin gene products are important membrane glycoproteins for development and maturation of the retina. The gene encodes two immunoglobulin-like, membrane-bound glycoproteins as a result of splice variation. The smaller protein product, named 5A11/Basigin, is expressed by many tissues within the mouse, whereas the larger protein product, named 5A11/Basigin-2, is expressed only by the photoreceptor cells (PCs) of the retina.

Developmental analyses of 5A11/Basigin, 5A11/Basigin-2 and their putative binding partner MCT1 in the mouse eye.

Recent reports by this laboratory and others have demonstrated an association between 5A11/Basigin, a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, and monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1), a lactose transporter. Indeed, it was determined in the 5A11/Basigin null mouse retina that MCT1 does not properly integrate into the cell membranes of Müller cells (MCs) or the retinal-pigmented epithelium, where the two are colocalized. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the association of 5A11/Basigin and MCT1 in the developing mouse retina.

Retina-specific expression of 5A11/Basigin-2, a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily.

Purpose: 5A11/Basigin has recently been identified as a critical glycoprotein for full maturity and function of the mouse retina. However, the biological function of 5A11/Basigin has yet to be determined. Previous reports indicate the presence of multiple 5A11/Basigin polypeptides within the retina.

Loss of MCT1, MCT3, and MCT4 expression in the retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina of the 5A11/basigin-null mouse.

Purpose: The neural retina expresses multiple monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) that are likely to play a key role in the metabolism of the outer retina. Recently, it was reported that targeting of MCT1 and -4 to the plasma membrane requires association with 5A11/basigin (CD147). In the present study, the hypothesis that reduced amplitudes in the electroretinograms in the 5A11/basigin null mouse (Bsg(-/-)) may be linked to altered expression of MCTs was studied.

Carbonic anhydrase in the midgut of larval Aedes aegypti: cloning, localization and inhibition.

The larval mosquito midgut exhibits one of the highest pH values known in a biological system. While the pH inside the posterior midgut and gastric caeca ranges between 7.0 and 8.

Inactivation of the Basigin gene impairs normal retinal development and maturation.

5A11/Basigin is an immunoglobulin-like glycoprotein expressed on the surface of Müller cells, the apical and basal surfaces of the retinal pigmented epithelium, and photoreceptor cell bodies and their inner segments. Disruption of the 5A11/Basigin gene in the mouse results in photoreceptor degeneration and a corresponding decrease in electroretinogram amplitudes in mature mice. The purpose of this study was to examine the electrophysiology of the 5A11/Basigin null mouse retina at earlier ages than previously examined.