Comparison of outcomes across low-intensity psychological interventions for depression and anxiety within a stepped-care setting: A naturalistic cohort study using propensity score modelling.

Low-intensity interventions for common mental disorders (CMD) address issues such as clinician shortages and barriers to accessing care. However, there is a lack of research into their comparative effectiveness in routine care. We aimed to compare treatment effects of three such interventions, utilizing four years' worth of routine clinical data.

The employment and mental health impact of integrated Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: Evidence on secondary health care utilization from a pragmatic trial in three English counties.

Objective: Patients with a combination of long-term physical health problems can face barriers in obtaining appropriate treatment for co-existing mental health problems. This paper evaluates the impact of integrating the improving access to psychological therapies services (IAPT) model with services addressing physical health problems. We ask whether such services can reduce secondary health care utilization costs and improve the employment prospects of those so affected.

Erratum: Author Correction: A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8.].

A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety.

Utilization of internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) for treating depression and anxiety disorders in stepped-care models, such as the UK's Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT), is a potential solution for addressing the treatment gap in mental health. We investigated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of iCBT when fully integrated within IAPT stepped-care settings. We conducted an 8-week pragmatic randomized controlled trial with a 2:1 (iCBT intervention: waiting-list) allocation, for participants referred to an IAPT Step 2 service with depression and anxiety symptoms (Trial registration: ISRCTN91967124).

IAPT and Long Term Medical Conditions: What Can We Offer?

Background: The proposal of a 4-year plan to integrate treatment of people with long term medical conditions (LTCs) into the IAPT service (Department of Health, 2011) seeks for research to understand the effectiveness of IAPT interventions for this patient group.

Aim: The aim of this service development pilot work was to develop an intervention that is effective for people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). It was hypothesized that the standard IAPT intervention would not be effective, but that it can be adapted so that it is effective both in terms of mood and self-management of T2DM.

Enhancing skills of critical reflection to evidence learning in professional practice.

Professional organisations and regulatory bodies are making critical reflection a mandatory component of professional practice. Reflection is a vital part of learning from experience and is central to developing and maintaining competency across a practitioner's lifetime. This paper will discuss key educational theories to illustrate why reflection is important.

Literacy levels required to complete routinely used patient-reported outcome measures in rheumatology.

Objective: To assess the reading levels required to complete patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) commonly used in rheumatology clinical and research settings.

Methods: Ten PROs written in English were evaluated. Four reviewers critiqued each measure blindly using two standardized readability indexes and a final readability score for each PRO was agreed.

Changes in depressive symptoms and impact on treatment course among hepatitis C patients undergoing interferon-α and ribavirin therapy: a prospective evaluation.

Objectives: Accounting for severity of depressive symptoms at baseline (pretreatment), this study describes (i) depressive symptom change over the course of antiviral treatment among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and (ii) the relationship of such symptom change to treatment duration and response.

Methods: Depressive symptoms, measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), were examined prospectively among 129 HCV patients (95% male) who endorsed minimal (n=91), mild (n=28), or moderate depressive symptoms (n=10) prior to commencement of antiviral therapy. Assessments were obtained at baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and thereafter at 4-week intervals until treatment was discontinued or completed.

Developmental and regional patterns of GAP-43 immunoreactivity in a metamorphosing brain.

Growth-associated protein-43 is typically expressed at high levels in the nervous system during development. In adult animals, its expression is lower, but still observable in brain areas showing structural or functional plasticity. We examined patterns of GAP-43 immunoreactivity in the brain of the bullfrog, an animal whose nervous system undergoes considerable reorganization across metamorphic development and retains a strong capacity for plasticity in adulthood.

Weight change and ovarian steroid profiles in young women.

Objective: To investigate possible short-term effects of voluntary weight loss on ovarian steroid profiles in young women, in light of better established long-term effects in older women.

Design: We tested for an association of voluntary weight change over the course of a menstrual cycle with salivary E(2) and P profiles in the same menstrual cycle.

Setting: Students were recruited in a college residence hall, and they provided daily saliva samples to a researcher living nearby.

Index-to-ring finger length ratio (2D:4D) predicts levels of salivary estradiol, but not progesterone, over the menstrual cycle.

We tested the association between the index-to-ring finger length ratio (2D:4D) and ovarian steroid hormone concentrations measured over the course of a menstrual cycle in the saliva of 38 young women. Estradiol levels were positively associated with right-hand, but not left-hand, 2D:4D, and also with the difference between right- and left-hand 2D:4D. None of these measures predicted progesterone level.

Videoconferencing for a veteran's pain management follow-up clinic.

The under treatment of pain has been well documented. Contributing to this is the limited availability of pain management specialists in many geographic areas. The use of technology to provide care to underserved areas is gaining momentum.

Romantic involvement often reduces men's testosterone levels--but not always: the moderating role of extrapair sexual interest.

Testosterone (T) appears to facilitate what biologists refer to as mating effort--the investment of time and energy into same-sex competition and mate-seeking behavior. Multiple studies show that men who are romantically involved (i.e.

Plasticity of auditory medullary-midbrain connectivity across metamorphic development in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.

On the basis of patterns of anterograde, retrograde, and bi-directional transport of tracers from both the superior olivary nucleus (SON) and the torus semicircularis (TS), we report anatomical changes in brainstem connectivity across metamorphic development in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. In early and late stages of larval development (Gosner stages 25-37), anterograde or bi-directional tracers injected into the SON produce terminal/fiber label in the contralateral SON and in the ipsilateral TS. Between stages 38-41 (deaf period), only sparse or no terminal/fiber label is visible in these target nuclei.

Developmental changes in cell proliferation in the auditory midbrain of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.

We examined patterns of cell proliferation in the auditory midbrain (torus semicircularis) of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, over larval and early postmetamorphic development, by visualizing incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in cycling cells. At all developmental stages, BrdU-labeled cells were concentrated around the optic ventricle. BrdU-labeled cells also appeared within the torus semicircularis itself, in a stage-specific manner.

Sleep quality and the role of sleep medications for veterans with chronic pain.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of sleep problems in veterans presenting to a pain clinic, factors that predict likelihood of being prescribed a sleep medication, types of medications prescribed, and the relationships between sleep medication use and sleep quality, pain, and depression.

Design/setting/patients: Participants were 201 consecutive patients referred to a Veterans Affairs outpatient pain clinic. They were administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory at intake and 2-month follow-up.

Cell proliferation in the Rana catesbeiana auditory medulla over metamorphic development.

During metamorphic development, bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) undergo substantial morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes as the animals prepare for the transition from a fully-aquatic to a semi-terrestrial existence. Using BrdU incorporation and immunohistochemistry, we quantify changes in cell proliferation in two key auditory brainstem nuclei, the dorsolateral nucleus and the superior olivary nucleus, over the course of larval and early postmetamorphic development. From hatchling through early larval stages, numbers of proliferating cells increase in both nuclei, paralleling the overall increase in total numbers of cells available for labeling.

Human male pair bonding and testosterone.

Previous research in North America has supported the view that male involvement in committed, romantic relationships is associated with lower testosterone (T) levels. Here, we test the prediction that undergraduate men involved in committed, romantic relationships (paired) will have lower T levels than men not involved in such relationships (unpaired). Further, we also test whether these differences are more apparent in samples collected later, rather than earlier, in the day.

Metamorphic changes in GABA immunoreactivity in the brainstem of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.

We examined immunoreactivity for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in auditory and vestibular brainstem nuclei of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, across metamorphosis, a developmental period featuring significant anatomical and functional remodeling of the nervous system. In the early larval period, GABA-immunoreactive cell somata were visible in the vestibular nucleus complex and the torus semicircularis, as well as in the spinal cord, cerebellum and optic tectum. Fiber bundles such as the medial longitudinal fasciculus and the lemnsical pathways also exhibited intense label at these early stages.

The back home trial: general practitioner-supported leaflets may change back pain behavior.

Study Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial of a leaflet developed for people with acute low back pain was compared with the usual general practitioner management of back pain.

Objective: To test the effectiveness of a patient information leaflet on knowledge, attitude, behavior, and function.

Summary Of Background Data: Despite the commonality of back pain in general practice, little evidence on the effectiveness of simple interventions such as leaflets and advice on self-management has been reported.