Dynamics and impact of footrot and climate on hoof horn length in 50 ewes from one farm over a period of 10 months.

Footrot, including interdigital dermatitis, is caused by Dichelobacter nodosus cause the majority of lameness in sheep in the UK. Lame sheep often have overgrown hoof horn but recent evidence has indicated that trimming overgrown hoof horn increases recovery time, and that routine foot trimming of the flock does not reduce the prevalence or incidence of lameness. The objectives of this study were to investigate the temporal associations between hoof horn length, footrot and climate.

Subcutaneously administered ofatumumab in rheumatoid arthritis: a phase I/II study of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.

Objective: To investigate the safety and tolerability of a single subcutaneous (SC) dose of ofatumumab, a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) taking background methotrexate (MTX). Secondary objectives included characterizing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Methods: In this single-blind, phase I/II study, 35 patients with RA were randomized in 5 cohorts to receive a single subcutaneous (SC) ofatumumab dose ranging from 0.

Automatic identification of individual killer whales.

Following the successful use of HMM and GMM models for classification of a set of 75 calls of northern resident killer whales into call types [Brown, J. C., and Smaragdis, P.

Hidden Markov and Gaussian mixture models for automatic call classification.

Automatic methods of classification of animal sounds offer many advantages including speed and consistency in processing massive quantities of data. Calculations have been carried out on a set of 75 calls of Northern Resident killer whales, previously classified perceptually (human classification) into seven call types, using, hidden Markov models (HMMs) and Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). Neither of these methods has been used previously for classification of marine mammal call types.

Evaluation of GW406381 for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: two randomized, controlled studies.

Context: GW406381 is an investigational, highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor that is effective in animal models of central sensitization and of inflammatory pain.

Objective: To examine dose response for efficacy and safety of GW406381 in adults with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.

Design: Two randomized, double-blind, placebo- and positive-control studies: Study A, a 6-week nonflare design; Study B, a 12-week flare design.

Mathematics of pulsed vocalizations with application to killer whale biphonation.

Formulas for the spectra of pulsed vocalizations for both the continuous and discrete cases are rigorously derived from basic formulas for Fourier analysis, a topic discussed qualitatively in Watkins' classic paper on "the harmonic interval" ["The harmonic interval: Fact or artifact in spectral analysis of pulse trains," in Marine Bioacoustics 2, edited by W. N. Tavogla (Pergamon, New York, 1967), pp.

Automatic classification of killer whale vocalizations using dynamic time warping.

A set of killer whale sounds from Marineland were recently classified automatically [Brown et al., J. Acoust.

Classification of vocalizations of killer whales using dynamic time warping.

A large number of killer whale sounds have recently been classified perceptually into Call Types. [A. Hodgins-Davis, thesis, Wellesley College (2004)].

Independent component analysis for automatic note extraction from musical trills.

The method of principal component analysis, which is based on second-order statistics (or linear independence), has long been used for redundancy reduction of audio data. The more recent technique of independent component analysis, enforcing much stricter statistical criteria based on higher-order statistical independence, is introduced and shown to be far superior in separating independent musical sources. This theory has been applied to piano trills and a database of trill rates was assembled from experiments with a computer-driven piano, recordings of a professional pianist, and commercially available compact disks.