The rise in global pharmaceutical use, influenced by aging populations and chronic illnesses, raises environmental concerns about pharmaceutical contaminants, especially in Europe and Catalonia.
Pharmaceuticals enter rivers through multiple pathways and persist post-wastewater treatment, posing risks to aquatic life and human health, with Llobregat and Besòs Rivers in Catalonia showing detectable levels.
This study employs liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze 78 pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in these rivers, highlighting the need for understanding their ecological impacts to develop effective mitigation strategies.