Creating consistency in the diagnosis of convergence insufficiency: screening methods.

Purpose: To determine the sensitivity of various clinical tests in the diagnosis of convergence insufficiency.

Methods: A total of 254 patients were recruited with complaints consistent with convergence problems but no prior history of strabismus surgery, eye exercises, prism use, recent concussion, or other ocular or neurological diseases. Each patient completed the convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS), and the following data were collected: ocular alignment at distance and near, convergence and divergence fusional amplitudes at distance and near, near-point of convergence (NPC) using an accommodative target and red lens, and assessment of quality of convergence movement (QoCM) and quality of fusional movements (QoFM).

The visual consequences of virtual school: acute eye symptoms in healthy children.

Purpose: To investigate acute eye symptoms in healthy children after a typical day of virtual school during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study population included 110 healthy children 10-17 years of age who were enrolled in full-time or hybrid virtual school. Children with a history of central nervous system or ocular pathology, recent concussions, reported poor vision, convergence insufficiency, history of orthoptic therapy, strabismus, amblyopia, or learning disorders were excluded.

Inconsistent diagnostic criteria for convergence insufficiency.

Background: Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common entity but seems to be an ill-defined diagnosis that incorporates many near-vision symptoms. The current literature often varies in its criteria for diagnosis. Without a clear definition and standardization of the clinical examination, there is the potential for misdiagnosis and/or the inclusion of other diagnoses as CI.

Pediatric optic neuritis.

Purpose Of Review: Pediatric optic neuritis may be challenging to diagnose and treat. Significant clinical investigation of optic neuritis occurring in adults guides current clinical practices. Differences in presentation and prognosis exist for pediatric patients with optic neuritis when compared with adults including the risk of developing multiple sclerosis.

Current concepts in convergence insufficiency.

Purpose Of Review: As the majority of our patients are spending significant time using computers and reading, it is important to understand any disease process that can affect one's near vision. Convergence insufficiency, not an uncommon condition, is still not screened for by most eyecare professionals. This review aims to report the current screening methods and diagnostic criteria, and to summarize the current treatment of convergence insufficiency.

Intermittent exotropia: continued controversies and current management.

Purpose Of Review: Continued controversy exists regarding intermittent exotropia and its management. Although it has been studied extensively, the indication for and timing of intervention and what therapy is most efficacious remains unclear. This article reviews the most recent research and the controversies surrounding the disease classification and treatment options in the management of intermittent exotropia.

Convergence insufficiency and its current treatment.

Purpose Of Review: Considerable uncertainty and controversy has existed concerning the management of convergence insufficiency. Only recently there have been significant scientific studies published that compare the effectiveness of the commonly prescribed treatments. This paper reviews the most recent research and literature on convergence insufficiency and its treatment.