Reduction of Aversive Learning Rates in Pavlovian Conditioning by Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Angiotensin receptor blockade has been linked to aspects of aversive learning and memory formation and to the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom development.

Methods: We investigated the influence of the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan on aversive Pavlovian conditioning using a probabilistic learning paradigm. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, we tested 45 (18 female) healthy volunteers during a baseline session, after application of losartan or placebo (drug session), and during a follow-up session.

The Role of Perseverative Cognition for Both Mental and Somatic Disorders in a Naturalistic Psychiatric Patient Sample.

Objective: Perseverative cognition (PC) is the repeated or long-term activation of the cognitive representation of psychological stressors and is associated with prolonged stress including somatic and mental consequences. Hence, PC might represent a cognitive process linking mental and somatic pathology, but current research on this link is limited by investigating healthy samples, markers of somatic disease, and single disorders. The present study explored the importance of PC for different mental and somatic disorders in psychiatric patients.

Histamine deficiency in gene-targeted mice strongly reduces antigen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness, eosinophilia and allergen-specific IgE.

Histamine is an important mediator released from activated mast cells provoked by allergen and has a substantial role in the pathophysiology of asthma. However, several lines of evidence indicate that histamine could also have important functions in the regulation of basic cell biological processes. We have used histidine decarboxylase gene-targeted (HDC-KO) mice, lacking histamine, to investigate the effect of histamine deficiency in an animal model of asthma.