The potential use of artificial intelligence in the therapy of borderline personality disorder.

This paper explores the possibility of AI-based addendum therapy for borderline personality disorder, its potential advantages and limitations. Identity disturbance in this condition is strongly connected to self-narratives, which manifest excessive incoherence, causal gaps, dysfunctional beliefs, and diminished self-attributions of agency. Different types of therapy aim at boosting self-knowledge through self-narratives in BPD.

The dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) inhibitor vildagliptin is a potent antihyperalgesic in rats by promoting endomorphin-2 generation in the spinal cord.

We have reported previously that the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile had an antihyperalgesic action in rats when given intrathecally in the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, as detected by the Randall-Selitto test. Vildagliptin, a non-peptide inhibitor of the same enzyme, which is already on the market as an "euglycemic" agent in diabetics, has a slightly more potent and more sustained antihyperalgesic effect in the same test when given by the same route. The action of 3nmol/rat vildagliptin could be antagonized by subcutaneous naltrexone (0.

Intrathecally injected Ile-Pro-Ile, an inhibitor of membrane ectoenzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV, is antihyperalgesic in rats by switching the enzyme from hydrolase to synthase functional mode to generate endomorphin 2.

We have found recently that membrane-bound dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) generated extracellularly immunoreactive endomorphin-2 from Tyr-Pro precursor in a depolarisation-sensitive manner in rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia when the enzyme was switched to synthase mode by the hydrolase inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile. Presently, we induced hyperalgesia in rats by injecting carrageenan into the right hindpaw and measured the reduction in nociceptive threshold (hyperalgesia) to pressure (Randall-Selitto test). The hyperalgesia, peaking at 180 min after injection, was fully reversed by intrathecal administration of 30 nmol/rat Ile-Pro-Ile.