Lymphatic mapping for image-guided radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced uterine cervical cancer: a feasibility study.

Background: Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). No imaging method can successfully detect all (micro)metastases. This may result in (lymph node) recurrence after chemoradiation.

Perspective paper about the joint EANM/SNMMI/ESTRO practice recommendations for the use of 2-[F]FDG-PET/CT external beam radiation treatment planning in lung cancer.

In "Joint EANM/SNMMI/ESTRO Practice Recommendations for the Use of 2-[18F]FDG-PET/CT External Beam Radiation Treatment Planning in Lung Cancer V1.0" clinical indications for PET-CT in (non-)small cell lung cancer are highlighted and selective nodal irradiation is discussed. Additionally, concepts about target definition, target delineation and treatment evaluation are reviewed.

Joint EANM/SNMMI/ESTRO practice recommendations for the use of 2-[F]FDG PET/CT external beam radiation treatment planning in lung cancer V1.0.

Purpose: 2-[F]FDG PET/CT is of utmost importance for radiation treatment (RT) planning and response monitoring in lung cancer patients, in both non-small and small cell lung cancer (NSCLC and SCLC). This topic has been addressed in guidelines composed by experts within the field of radiation oncology. However, up to present, there is no procedural guideline on this subject, with involvement of the nuclear medicine societies.

Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Syndrome Presented as Cerebellar Hypermetabolism in a Patient With Occult Breast Carcinoma.

A 47-year-old woman presented with an acute cerebellar syndrome. Neither cerebellar atrophy nor an infarction or tumor was shown on MRI. A diagnostic CT demonstrated enlarged axillary lymph nodes, but no primary tumor.

FDG-PET/CT Variants and Pitfalls in Haematological Malignancies.

Hematologic malignancies represent a vast group of hematopoietic and lymphoid cancers that typically involve the blood, the bone marrow, and the lymphatic organs. Due to extensive research and well defined and standardized response criteria, the role of [F]FDG-PET/CT is well defined in these malignancies. Never the less, the reliability of visual and quantitative interpretation of PET/CT may be impaired by several factors including inconsistent scanning protocols and image reconstruction methods.

The role of lymph nodes in cervical cancer: incidence and identification of lymph node metastases-a literature review.

Correct identification of patients with lymph node metastasis from cervical cancer prior to treatment is of great importance, because it allows more tailored therapy. Patients may be spared unnecessary surgery or extended field radiotherapy if the nodal status can be predicted correctly. This review captures the existing knowledge on the identification of lymph node metastases in cervical cancer.

"PET/CT Variants and Pitfalls in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma".

2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose [F]FDG-PET/CT represents the metabolic imaging of choice in various cancer types. Used either at diagnosis or during treatment response assessment, the modality allows for a more accurate definition of tumor extent compared to morphological imaging and is able to predict the therapeutic benefit earlier in time. Due to the aspecific uptake property of [F]FDG there is an overlap of its distribution in normal and pathological conditions, which can make the interpretation of the imaging challenging.

E-PSMA: the EANM standardized reporting guidelines v1.0 for PSMA-PET.

Rationale: The development of consensus guidelines for interpretation of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is needed to provide more consistent reports in clinical practice. The standardization of PSMA-PET interpretation may also contribute to increasing the data reproducibility within clinical trials. Finally, guidelines in PSMA-PET interpretation are needed to communicate the exact location of findings to referring physicians, to support clinician therapeutic management decisions.

EANM/SNMMI practice guideline for [F]FDG PET/CT external beam radiotherapy treatment planning in uterine cervical cancer v1.0.

Purpose: The aim of this EANM / SNMMI Practice Guideline with ESTRO endorsement is to provide general information and specific considerations about [F]FDG PET/CT in advanced uterine cervical cancer for external beam radiotherapy planning with emphasis on staging and target definition, mostly in FIGO stages IB3-IVA and IVB, treated with curative intention.

Methods: Guidelines from related fields, relevant literature and leading experts have been consulted during the development of this guideline. As this field is rapidly evolving, this guideline cannot be seen as definitive, nor is it a summary of all existing protocols.

Evaluation of FDG-PET/CT Use in Children with Suspected Infection or Inflammation.

[F]-FDG-PET/CT ([F]-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)) is increasingly used as a diagnostic tool in suspected infectious or inflammatory conditions. Studies on the value of FDG-PET/CT in children are scarce. This study assesses the role of FDG-PET/CT in suspected infection or inflammation in children.

[F]FDG-PET or PET/CT in the evaluation of pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer: A systematic review of the literature.

Purpose: Imaging is essential in detecting lymph node metastases for radiotherapy treatment planning in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). There are not many data on the performance of [F]FDG-PET(CT) in showing lymph node metastases in LACC. We pooled sensitivity and specificity of [F]FDG-PET(CT) for detecting pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph node metastases in patients with LACC.

Concurrent Daily Cisplatin and High-Dose Radiation Therapy in Patients With Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine survival, local and distant control, toxicity, and prognostic factors in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT).

Methods And Materials: Consecutive patients with stage IIIA and IIIB NSCLC (N = 154) staged with F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography were retrospectively selected (2005-2015). CCRT consisted of daily low-dose cisplatin (6 mg/m) combined with 24 fractions of 2.

18F-FDG-PET/CT guided external beam radiotherapy volumes in inoperable uterine cervical cancer.

Background: In patients with advanced stage cancer of the uterine cervix who undergo irradiation with curative intent, there is the necessity to treat all suspicious nodes on imaging. Our hypothesis was that adding fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computer tomography/computer tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to the imaging workup would alter the external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) treatment plan, either resulting in an extended external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) field to the para-aortal region or an additional boost to suspicious nodes. Since extended field radiotherapy or additional boost can cause toxicity, our secondary aim was to assess the incidence of severe late bowel toxicity in patients treated with extended para-aortal EBRT-field and boost compared to elective pelvic radiotherapy.

123I-MIBG scintigraphy and 18F-FDG-PET imaging for diagnosing neuroblastoma.

Background: Neuroblastoma is an embryonic tumour of childhood that originates in the neural crest. It is the second most common extracranial malignant solid tumour of childhood.Neuroblastoma cells have the unique capacity to accumulate Iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (¹²³I-MIBG), which can be used for imaging the tumour.

Role of MRI in detecting involvement of the uterine internal os in uterine cervical cancer: systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy.

Purpose: In patients with uterine cervical cancer, pretreatment recognition of uterine extension is crucial in treatment decision-making for fertility-sparing surgery and for target delineation in radiotherapy. Although MRI is generally considered the most reliable method, its value for detecting involvement of the uterine internal os is unclear.

Methods: Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were systematically searched (January 1997-December 2012) for MRI studies that measured the accuracy of involvement of the uterine internal os compared to histopathology as reference standard in patients with uterine cervical cancer.

Whole-body MRI for the detection of bone marrow involvement in lymphoma: prospective study in 116 patients and comparison with FDG-PET.

Objective: To assess and compare the value of whole-body MRI with FDG-PET for detecting bone marrow involvement in lymphoma.

Methods: A total of 116 patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma prospectively underwent whole-body MRI and blind bone marrow biopsy (BMB) of the posterior iliac crest. Of 116 patients, 80 also underwent FDG-PET.

Imaging findings in craniofacial childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the commonest paediatric soft-tissue sarcoma constituting 3-5% of all malignancies in childhood. RMS has a predilection for the head and neck area and tumours in this location account for 40% of all childhood RMS cases. In this review we address the clinical and imaging presentations of craniofacial RMS, discuss the most appropriate imaging techniques, present characteristic imaging features and offer an overview of differential diagnostic considerations.

Is aggressive local treatment necessary for diffuse liver involvement in patients with progression of stage 4s neuroblastoma to stage 4?

Three patients with stage 4S neuroblastoma without MYC-N amplification who progressed to stage 4 with persistent liver involvement, were treated with iodine 131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Successive histologic examination of the liver showed differentiation of the tumor in 2 patients and fibrosis in the third. One patient died of brain metastases at the age of 30 months.

Preadipocyte number in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese individuals.

Objective: To determine the variation in preadipocyte isolation procedure and to assess the number and function of preadipocytes from subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue of obese individuals.

Research Methods And Procedures: The preadipocyte number per gram of adipose tissue in the abdominal-subcutaneous and abdominal-omental adipose stores of 27 obese subjects with a BMI of 44 +/- 10 kg/m(2) and an age of 40 +/- 9 years was determined.

Results: The assessment of the preadipocyte number was found to be labor intensive and error prone.