Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra versus mycobacterial growth indicator tube liquid culture for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in symptomatic adults: a diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) is an automated molecular test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. We compared the sensitivity of Ultra to that of mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) liquid culture, considered the most sensitive assay in routine clinical use.

Methods: In this prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study, we used a non-inferiority design to assess whether the sensitivity of a single Ultra test was non-inferior to that of a single liquid culture for detection of M tuberculosis in sputum.

Oral Swab Specimens Tested With Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Assay for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Background: Microbiologic diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis may be difficult. Oral swab specimens are a potential noninvasive alternative to sputum specimens for diagnosis.

Methods: This was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study of oral swab specimens (buccal and tongue) for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in children (aged ≤ 15 years) in 2 South African hospital sites.

Longitudinal Dynamics of a Blood Transcriptomic Signature of Tuberculosis.

Performance of blood transcriptomic tuberculosis (TB) signatures in longitudinal studies and effects of TB-preventive therapy and coinfection with HIV or respiratory organisms on transcriptomic signatures has not been systematically studied. We evaluated longitudinal kinetics of an 11-gene blood transcriptomic TB signature, RISK11, and effects of TB-preventive therapy (TPT) and respiratory organisms on RISK11 signature score, in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals. RISK11 was measured in a longitudinal study of RISK11-guided TPT in HIV-uninfected adults, a cross-sectional respiratory organisms cohort, or a longitudinal study in people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Accuracy of a Novel Urine Test, Fujifilm SILVAMP Tuberculosis Lipoarabinomannan, for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children.

Background: An accurate point-of-care test for tuberculosis (TB) in children remains an elusive goal. Recent evaluation of a novel point-of-care urinary lipoarabinomannan test, Fujifilm SILVAMP Tuberculosis Lipoarabinomannan (FujiLAM), in adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) showed significantly superior sensitivity than the current Alere Determine Tuberculosis Lipoarabinomannan test (AlereLAM). We therefore compared the accuracy of FujiLAM and AlereLAM in children with suspected TB.