A review of the current trends in chronic wound and scar management.

Background: Aberrant tissue repair can result in the formation of chronic wounds and pathological scarring, which can severely impact a patient's quality of life. Due to their complexity, treatment of these conditions remains challenging.

Purpose: This review article provides a brief overview of the various treatments with regards to application, possible mechanism(s) of action, new developments, and areas requiring further research.

Hematoxylin, an Alternative Substrate of Tyrosinase.

Mushroom tyrosinase from (TYR) is often used during the development of tyrosinase inhibitors for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. In the search for novel tyrosinase inhibitors, this study identified hematoxylin as an alternative substrate for TYR. The interaction of hematoxylin with TYR was investigated through spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses.

Synthesis and evaluation of 3-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as inhibitors of tyrosinase.

The tyrosinase (TYR) enzyme catalyses sequential reactions in the melanogenesis pathway: l-tyrosine is oxidised to yield L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa), which in turn is converted to dopaquinone. These two reactions are the first two steps of melanin biosynthesis and are rate limiting. The accumulation or overproduction of melanin may cause skin hyperpigmentation and inhibitors of TYR are thus of interest to the cosmeceutical industry.

Overview of popular cosmeceuticals in dermatology.

The eternal pursuit to prevent ageing and maintain a youthful appearance has resulted in a rapidly expanding cosmeceutical industry. Cosmeceutical products, particularly of natural origin, are in high demand due to claims of efficacy for signs of ageing and other skin conditions. Consumers often include cosmeceutical products in their skin care regime as they are readily available, and a more affordable option compared to prescription products.

Dual inhibition of monoamine oxidase B and antagonism of the adenosine A(2A) receptor by (E,E)-8-(4-phenylbutadien-1-yl)caffeine analogues.

The adenosine A(2A) receptor has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidence suggests that antagonists of the A(2A) receptor (A(2A) antagonists) may be neuroprotective and may help to alleviate the symptoms of PD. We have reported recently that several members of the (E)-8-styrylcaffeine class of A(2A) antagonists also are potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).