Association of depression and survival in patients with chronic heart failure over 12 Years.

Objective: To examine the relationship between depression and survival in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) over a 12-year follow-up period.

Background: The survival associated with depression has been demonstrated in HF patients for up to 7 years. Longer-term impact of depression on survival of these patients remains unknown.

Antidepressant use, depression, and survival in patients with heart failure.

Background: Recent studies suggest that the use of antidepressants may be associated with increased mortality in patients with cardiac disease. Because depression has also been shown to be associated with increased mortality in these patients, it remains unclear if this association is attributable to the use of antidepressants or to depression.

Methods: To evaluate the association of long-term mortality with antidepressant use and depression, we studied 1006 patients aged 18 years or older with clinical heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less (62% with ischemic disease) between March 1997 and June 2003.

Relationship between depressive symptoms and long-term mortality in patients with heart failure.

Background: Depression is prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with short-term poor prognosis. However, the long-term effect of depression and the use of self-administered depression evaluation on HF prognosis remained unknown. The study sought to assess the association of depressive symptoms and long-term mortality of patients with HF and to explore the prognostic predictability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale for patients with HF.

Prognostic value of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic heart failure.

Background: Anxiety is often present with depression and may be one of its manifestations. Although the adverse effects of depression in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have been well studied, the relation between anxiety and CHF prognosis has not been addressed. In a secondary analysis of data collected for a published study of depression and prognosis in patients with CHF, we examined the relations among anxiety, depression, and prognosis.