Neural network classification of beams carrying orbital angular momentum after propagating through controlled experimentally generated optical turbulence.

We generate an alphabet of spatially multiplexed Laguerre-Gaussian beams carrying orbital angular momentum, which are demultiplexed at reception by a convolutional neural network (CNN). In this investigation, a methodology for optimizing alphabet design for best classification rates is proposed, and three 256-symbol alphabets are designed for performance evaluation in optical turbulence. The beams were propagated in three environments: through underwater optical turbulence generated by Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection ( 2≅10 ), through a simulated propagation path derived from the Nikishov spectrum ( 2≅10 ), and through optical turbulence from a thermal point source located in a water tank ( 2≅10 ).

Visualizing partial solvation at the air-water interface.

Despite significant research, the mechanistic nuances of unusual reactivity at the air-water interface, especially in microdroplets, remain elusive. The likely contributors include electric fields and partial solvation at the interface. To reveal these intricacies, we measure the frequency shift of a well-defined azide vibrational probe at the air-water interface, while independently controlling the surface charge density by introducing surfactants.

Influence of H, OH and salts on hydrophobic self-assembly.

In spite of the ubiquity of acid/base ions and salts in biological systems, their influence on hydrophobic self-assembly remains an open question. Here we use a combined experimental and theoretical strategy to quantify the influence of H and OH, as well as salts containing Li, Na, Cl and Br, on the hydrophobic self-assembly of micelles composed of neutral oily 1,2-hexanediol surfactants. The distributions of aggregate sizes, both below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), are determined using Raman multivariate curve resolution (Raman-MCR) spectroscopy to quantify the multi-aggregation chemical potential surface (MCPS) that drives self-assembly.

Structured illumination and image enhancement of three-dimensional and moving objects at a distance via incoherent Fourier ptychography.

We experimentally apply incoherent Fourier ptychography to enhance the resolution of recorded images by projecting known, uncorrelated, random patterns at high speed onto 3D moving and distant objects. We find that the resolution enhancement factor can be greater than 2, depending on the projection and camera optics.

Comparative Evaluation of Titanium Feedstock Powder Derived from Recycled Battlefield Scrap vs. Virgin Powder for Cold Spray Processing.

Gas-atomization is extensively used to produce metallic feedstock powders for additive manufacturing processes, including gas dynamic cold spray processing. This work explores the potential utility of on-demand recycled titanium scrap feedstock powder as a viable substitute for virgin powder sources. Three recycled titanium powders were atomized from different battlefield scrap sources using a mobile foundry developed by MolyWorks Materials Corporation.

The Effects of Accessory Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Size and Strength in Division III Soccer Athletes: A Preliminary Ecological Study.

Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) uses occlusion during low-intensity resistance training (< 50% of 1-repetition maximum, 1RM) to reduce arterial blood flow and venous return, imposing greater metabolic stress but similar muscular hypertrophy and strength gains as high-intensity resistance training (HIRT). However, no study, to date, has incorporated BFRT in a collegiate strength and conditioning setting to assess ecological validity. We aimed to investigate the effects of adding 6-weeks of accessory BFRT or HIRT to NCAA Division III soccer players prescribed resistance training regimen on muscle strength and size.

Synchronous optical intensity and phase measurements to characterize Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

Propagation of a laser beam through the Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection is experimentally investigated using synchronous optical wavefront and intensity measurements. Experimental results characterize the turbulence strength and length scales, which are used to inform numerical wave optic simulations employing phase screens. Experimentally found parameters are the refractive index structure constant, mean flow rate, kinetic and thermal dissipation rates, Kolmogorov microscale, outer scale, and shape of the refractive index power spectrum using known models.

Patient Reported Outcomes After Conversion vs. Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Propensity Matched Analysis.

Background: Conversion total hip arthroplasty (cTHA) is increasingly utilized as a salvage procedure for complications associated with fracture fixation around the hip and acetabulum and for failed hip preservation surgery. While primary THA (pTHA) has a high success rate, little is known about outcomes following conversion THA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate patient reported outcomes (PROs) and complication rates following conversion THA compared to primary THA.

Myocardial Contractile Mechanics in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Multicenter Data Using Stress Perfusion Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) ischemia has been variably associated with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Determinants of FMR in patients with ischemia are poorly understood.

Objectives: This study sought to test whether contractile mechanics in ischemic myocardium underlying the mitral valve have an impact on likelihood of FMR.

Intermittent fasting two days versus one day per week, matched for total energy intake and expenditure, increases weight loss in overweight/obese men and women.

Background: Intermittent fasting (IF), consisting of either a one-day (IF1) or two consecutive days (IF2) per week, is commonly used for optimal body weight loss. Our laboratory has previously shown an IF1 diet combined with 6d/week of protein pacing (P; 4-5 meals/day evenly spaced, ~ 30% protein/day) significantly enhances weight loss, body composition, and cardiometabolic health in obese men and women. Whether an IF1-P or IF2-P, matched for weekly energy intake (EI) and expenditure (EE), is superior for weight loss, body composition, and cardiometabolic health is unknown.

Evaluation of a specialist cognitive clinic for the Deaf community.

There are significant health inequalities between Deaf and hearing people, including barriers to accessing care and communication difficulties in consultations. Such problems have particularly affected Deaf people with acquired cognitive deficits, leading to late and missed diagnoses. We therefore established a specialist cognitive clinic for the Deaf community in 2011 at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, which to our knowledge is the first of its kind in the world.

Contact Ion Pair Formation Is Not Necessarily Stronger than Solvent Shared Ion Pairing.

Vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) and pressure-area Langmuir trough measurements were used to investigate the binding of alkali metal cations to eicosyl sulfate (ESO) surfactants in monolayers at the air/water interface. The number density of sulfate groups could be tuned by mixing the anionic surfactant with eicosanol. The equilibrium dissociation constant for K to the fatty sulfate interface showed 10 times greater affinity than for Li and approximately 3 times greater than for Na.

Transport-based pattern recognition versus deep neural networks in underwater OAM communications.

Comparisons between machine learning and optimal transport-based approaches in classifying images are made in underwater orbital angular momentum (OAM) communications. A model is derived that justifies optimal transport for use in attenuated water environments. OAM pattern demultiplexing is performed using optimal transport and deep neural networks and compared to each other.

Expedited surgery in geriatric hip fracture patients taking direct oral anticoagulants is not associated with increased short-term complications or mortality rates.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential differences in time to surgery, bleeding risk, wound complications, length of stay, transfusion rate, and 30-day mortality between patients anticoagulated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and those not anticoagulated at the time of evaluation for an acute hip fracture.

Design: Retrospective chart review Level III Study.

Setting: One university-based hospital in Rochester, NY.

Rethinking strategies for blood transfusion in hip fracture patients.

Objectives: Most patients can tolerate a hemoglobin (Hgb) > 8 g per deciliter. In some cases, however, transfusion will delay physical therapy and hospital discharge. This study aims to review Hgb and transfusion data for a large volume of recent hip fracture patients in order to identify new opportunities for decreasing the length of hospital stay.

Machine learning-aided classification of beams carrying orbital angular momentum propagated in highly turbid water: publisher's note.

This publisher's note corrects the name of an author of J. Opt. Soc.

Machine learning-aided classification of beams carrying orbital angular momentum propagated in highly turbid water.

A set of laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum is designed with the objective of establishing an effective underwater communication link. Messages are constructed using unique Laguerre-Gauss beams, which can be combined to represent four bits of information. We report on the experimental results where the beams are transmitted through highly turbid water, reaching approximately 12 attenuation lengths.

Immediate Improvement in Physical Function After Symptomatic Syndesmotic Screw Removal.

Objective: To investigate the immediate impact of removing symptomatic syndesmotic screws on PROMIS outcomes and ankle range of motion (ROM) in patients who had previously undergone ankle fracture open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and syndesmotic fixation and later experienced functional limitations.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Level 1-trauma center.

Designing laser beams carrying OAM for a high-performance underwater communication system.

We present a design methodology for creating a distinct laser beam set suitable for detection by using only the recorded intensity pattern. We consider four coherent Laguerre-Gaussian beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) to form the basis for optical communication. The complex electric fields of the beams are superimposed to create 16 dissimilar intensity patterns.

Assessing Deaf patients in the neurology clinic.

There are over 87 000 Deaf people in the UK with British Sign Language (BSL) as their first language.1 Few healthcare professionals receive training in Deaf awareness or in BSL, and missed diagnoses and inadequate treatment of Deaf patients are estimated to cost the National Health Service £30 million per year.2 Neurologists are likely to encounter Deaf BSL users in their practice, but without prior experience may find consultations challenging, especially within the time constraints and pressure of a standard clinic.

Simultaneous Bilateral Extensor Mechanism Disruptions: More Than Double the Trouble?

Simultaneous bilateral extensor mechanism disruption (BEMD) is a rare condition, for which the relationship between comorbid conditions, complications, and clinical outcomes has not been well defined. We hypothesized that patients with BEMD would have more comorbidities, more repair failures, and worse clinical outcomes compared with patients with unilateral extensor mechanism disruption (UEMD). We performed a retrospective review of all adult patients seen at our institution for either a quadriceps or patellar tendon rupture between 2012 and 2017.

Imaging through extreme scattering in extended dynamic media.

Critical to navigation, situational awareness, and object identification is the ability to image through turbid water and fog. To date, the longest imaging ranges in such environments rely on active illumination and selection of ballistic photons by means of time gating. Here we show that the imaging range can be extended by using time-gated holography in combination with multi-frame processing.

Experimental and numerical study of underwater beam propagation in a Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence tank.

The propagation of a laser beam through Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) turbulence is investigated experimentally and by way of numerical simulation. For the experimental part, a focused laser beam transversed a 5  m×0.5  m×0.

Radiographic Risk Factors For Interprosthetic Femur Fractures.

Purpose: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are among the most common orthopaedic procedures performed in the United States annually. As the number of patients undergoing these procedures increases so too does the incidence of periprosthetic femur fractures. A number of these periprosthetic fractures occur between two ipsilateral implants, so-called interprosthetic fractures.