Psychopathological symptoms in parents and siblings of people on the autism spectrum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Parents and siblings of children on the autism spectrum experience significant distress, and for this reason, it is essential to understand the most prevalent psychopathological symptoms among this population. This work aims to establish the prevalence of psychopathological symptoms in parents and siblings of individuals on the autism spectrum, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) criteria. Searches were carried out using the PubMed/Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, SciELO, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) databases.

Ketamine in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: First-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) includes exposure and response prevention behavioral therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors, particularly in combination. New and more effective treatments are needed, give that recent studies suggest that glutamatergic neurotransmission contributes to the pathophysiology of the disorder. In these circumstances, ketamine, as a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist and glutamate modulator, offers alternative possibilities for OCD treatment.

Neuroplasticity and non-invasive brain stimulation in the developing brain.

The brain is a dynamic organ whose growth and organization varies according to each subject's life experiences. Through adaptations in gene expression and the release of neurotrophins and neurotransmitters, these experiences induce a process of cellular realignment and neural network reorganization, which consolidate what is called neuroplasticity. However, despite the brain's resilience and dynamism, neuroplasticity is maximized during the first years of life, when the developing brain is more sensitive to structural reorganization and the repair of damaged neurons.

Fluid Administration in Emergency Room Limited by Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Sepsis: Protocol for a Prospective Phase II Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Sepsis remains a major health challenge with high mortality. Adequate volume administration is fundamental for a successful outcome. However, individual fluid needs differ between patients due to varying degrees of systemic vasodilation, circulatory flow maldistribution, and increased vascular permeability.

Noninvasive motor cortex stimulation effects on quantitative sensory testing in healthy and chronic pain subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

One of the potential mechanisms of motor cortex stimulation by noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) effects on pain is through the restoration of the defective endogenous inhibitory pain pathways. However, there are still limited data on quantitative sensory testing (QST), including conditioned pain modulation (CPM), supporting this mechanism. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of noninvasive motor cortex stimulation on pain perception as indexed by changes in QST outcomes.

Phenotype instability of hepatocyte-like cells produced by direct reprogramming of mesenchymal stromal cells.

Background: Hepatocyte-like cells (iHEPs) generated by transcription factor-mediated direct reprogramming of somatic cells have been studied as potential cell sources for the development of novel therapies targeting liver diseases. The mechanisms involved in direct reprogramming, stability after long-term in vitro expansion, and safety profile of reprogrammed cells in different experimental models, however, still require further investigation.

Methods: iHEPs were generated by forced expression of Foxa2/Hnf4a in mouse mesenchymal stromal cells and characterized their phenotype stability by in vitro and in vivo analyses.

Analysis of the superior temporal gyrus as a possible biomarker in schizophrenia using voxel-based morphometry of the brain magnetic resonance imaging: a comprehensive review.

The lack of predictive biomarkers for therapeutic responses to schizophrenia leads clinical procedures to be decided without taking into account the subjects' neuroanatomical features, a consideration, which could help in identifying specific pharmacological treatments for the remission of symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique widely used for radiological diagnosis and produces 3-dimensional images in excellent anatomical detail, and with a great capacity to differentiate soft tissue. Various MRI techniques of the human brain have emerged as a result of research, enabling structural tests that may help to in consolidate previous findings and lead to the discovery of new patterns of abnormality in schizophrenia.