A Thi2p Regulatory Network Controls the Post-glucose Effect of Xylose Utilization in .

The complete and efficient utilization of both glucose and xylose is necessary for the economically viable production of biofuels and chemicals using lignocellulosic feedstocks. Although recently obtained recombinant strains metabolize xylose well when xylose is the sole carbon source in the medium (henceforth referred to as "X stage"), their xylose consumption rate is significantly reduced during the xylose-only consumption phase of glucose-xylose co-fermentation ("GX stage"). This post-glucose effect seriously decreases overall fermentation efficiency.

Effects of different types of fluid resuscitation on hepatic mitochondria and apoptosis.

The aim of this study was to observe the effects of different types of fluid resuscitation on hepatic mitochondria and apoptosis in hemorrhagic shock, and the corresponding mechanisms. Forty rats were divided into five groups: Sham surgery (Sham group), shock (Shock group), Ringer's lactate resuscitation (RL group), hydroxyethyl starch resuscitation (HES group) and autologous blood resuscitation (BL group). A model of hemorrhagic shock was successfully induced in the latter four groups.