CYP2C19 polymorphisms and clopidogrel efficacy in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke: a retrospective observational study.

Background: The relationship between cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms and clopidogrel efficacy in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been widely studied. However, the relationship between CYP2C19 polymorphisms and the response to clopidogrel in patients treated for ischemic stroke (IS) remains controversial. What's more, few data address the relevance of CYP2C19 polymorphisms in patients taking clopidogrel for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.

[Effects of triterpenoid from Psidium guajava leaves ursolic acid on proliferation, differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and insulin resistance].

Objective: To investigate the influences of triterpenoid from Psidium guajava Leaves (ursolic acid) on the proliferation, differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte, and its possible mechanism treat for insulin resistance.

Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocyte was cultured in vitro. After adding ursolic acid to the culture medium for 48h, the cell viability was tested by MTT assay.

Xanthones from Swertia mussotii as multitarget-directed antidiabetic agents.

Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a causative role in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Given the antioxidant potency of previously reported xanthones isolated from Swertia mussotii. These natural products were further evaluated against other targets in diabetes, aldose reductase and α-glucosidase, in order to identify novel multitarget-directed antidiabetic agents.