Upcycling calf cruor slaughterhouse by-product by peptic hydrolysis and identification of three novel antifungal peptides following a regression based-machine learning approach.

Calf cruor (C-cru) is an understudied source of antimicrobial peptides that can be used for meat product biopreservation under a circular economy framework. This study assessed the impact of pH and peptic hydrolysis duration of C-cru on the enzymatic mechanism, peptide population, and antimicrobial activities (antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-yeast). The results showed that peptic hydrolysis of C-cru has similar enzymatic mechanisms to adult bovine hemoglobin, fostering the development of a zipper mechanism at pH 2 and 3, while the one-by-one mechanism is promoted at pH 4 and 5.

Corrigendum: Revisiting multi-omics-based predictors of the plasma triglyceride response to an omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.

Revisiting multi-omics-based predictors of the plasma triglyceride response to an omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.

Background: The aim of the present study was to identify the metabolomic signature of responders and non-responders to an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation, and to test the ability of a multi-omics classifier combining genomic, lipidomic, and metabolomic features to discriminate plasma triglyceride (TG) response phenotypes.

Methods: A total of 208 participants of the Fatty Acid Sensor (FAS). Study took 5 g per day of fish oil, providing 1.

Impact of maternal cardiometabolic status after bariatric surgery on the association between telomere length and adiposity in offspring.

The impact of bariatric surgery on metabolic and inflammatory status are reflected in the epigenetic profile and telomere length mediated by the changes in the metabolic status of the patients. This study compared the telomere length of children born before versus after maternal bariatric surgery as a surrogate to test the influence of the mother's metabolic status on children's telomere length. DNA methylation telomere length (DNAmTL) was estimated from Methylation-EPIC BeadChip array data from a total of 24 children born before and after maternal bariatric surgery in the greater Quebec City area.

Heuristic Approach Uncovering Biological Significance of Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Cardiometabolic Traits.

Background: Gene-lifestyle interaction studies using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data contribute to a better understanding of individual responses to environmental exposures.

Objectives: Herein, we aimed at assessing the biological significance of overlapping genes reported in gene-lifestyle interaction studies in cardiometabolic health.

Method: A heuristic analysis of genes reporting significant interactions related to cardiometabolic traits was performed to determine the biological pathways common to the different traits.

A discriminant analysis of plasma metabolomics for the assessment of metabolic responsiveness to red raspberry consumption.

Background: Many studies show that the intake of raspberries is beneficial to immune-metabolic health, but the responses of individuals are heterogeneous and not fully understood.

Methods: In a two-arm parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial, immune-metabolic outcomes and plasma metabolite levels were analyzed before and after an 8-week red raspberry consumption. Based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on plasma xenobiotic levels, adherence to the intervention was first evaluated.

Update of a Genetic Risk Score Predictive of the Plasma Triglyceride Response to an Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in the FAS Study.

A genetic risk score (GRS) predictive of the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to an omega-3 fatty acid (-3 FA) supplementation has been previously developed in the Fatty Acid Sensor (FAS) Study. Recently, novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interacting with a fish oil supplementation and associated with plasma lipid levels have been identified in the UK Biobank. The aim of this study was to verify whether the addition of SNPs identified in the UK Biobank to the GRS built in the FAS Study improves its capacity to predict the plasma TG response to an -3 FA supplementation.

Appraisal of Gene-Environment Interactions in GWAS for Evidence-Based Precision Nutrition Implementation.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to analyse the currently reported gene-environment (G × E) interactions in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), involving environmental factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits related to metabolic syndrome phenotypes. For this purpose, the present manuscript reviews the available GWAS registered on the GWAS Catalog reporting the interaction between environmental factors and metabolic syndrome traits.

Recent Findings: Advances in omics-related analytical and computational approaches in recent years have led to a better understanding of the biological processes underlying these G × E interactions.

Molecular remodeling of adipose tissue is associated with metabolic recovery after weight loss surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy for individuals with severe obesity to achieve sustainable weight loss and to reduce comorbidities. Examining the molecular signature of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) following different types of bariatric surgery may help in gaining further insight into their distinct metabolic impact.

Results: Subjects undergoing biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) showed a significantly higher percentage of total weight loss than those undergoing gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy (RYGB + SG) (41.

Gut Microbial Signatures of Distinct Trimethylamine N-Oxide Response to Raspberry Consumption.

The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the gut microbial signatures of distinct trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) responses following raspberry consumption. Investigations were carried out in 24 subjects at risk of developing metabolic syndrome who received 280 g/day of frozen raspberries for 8 weeks. Blood and stool samples were collected at weeks 0 and 8.

Raspberry consumption: identification of distinct immune-metabolic response profiles by whole blood transcriptome profiling.

Numerous studies have reported that diets rich in phenolic compounds are beneficial to immune-metabolic health, yet these effects are heterogeneous and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate the inter-individual variability of the immune-metabolic response to raspberry consumption, whole-blood RNAseq data from 24 participants receiving 280 g/d of raspberries for 8 weeks were used for the identification of responsiveness subgroups by using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and hierarchical clustering. Transcriptomic-based clustering regrouped participants into two distinct subgroups of 13 and 11 participants, so-called responders and non-responders, respectively.

An 8-week freeze-dried blueberry supplement impacts immune-related pathways: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Blueberries contain high levels of polyphenolic compounds with high in vitro antioxidant capacities. Their consumption has been associated with improved vascular and metabolic health.

Purpose: The objective was to examine the effects of blueberry supplement consumption on metabolic syndrome (MetS) parameters and potential underlying mechanisms of action.

Identification of Phenotypic Lipidomic Signatures in Response to Long Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Humans.

Background Supplementation with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is used to reduce total circulating triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. However, in about 30% of people, supplementation with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids does not result in decreased plasma TAG. Lipidomic analysis may provide insight into this inter-individual variability.

Effects of Daily Raspberry Consumption on Immune-Metabolic Health in Subjects at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Consumption of red raspberries has been reported to exert acute beneficial effects on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, triglyceridemia, and cytokine levels in metabolically disturbed subjects. In a two-arm parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial, 59 subjects with overweight or abdominal obesity and with slight hyperinsulinemia or hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to consume 280 g/day of frozen raspberries or to maintain their usual diet for 8 weeks. Primary analyses measured metabolic differences between the groups.

Defective liver glycogen autophagy related to hyperinsulinemia in intrauterine growth-restricted newborn wistar rats.

Maternal malnutrition plays a critical role in the developmental programming of later metabolic diseases susceptibility in the offspring, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because the liver is the major organ that produces and supplies blood glucose, we aimed at defining the potential role of liver glycogen autophagy in the programming of glucose metabolism disturbances. To this end, newborns were obtained from pregnant Wistar rats fed ad libitum with a standard diet or 65% food-restricted during the last week of gestation.

Type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired jejunal enteroendocrine GLP-1 cell lineage in human obesity.

Objectives: Altered enteroendocrine cell (EEC) function in obesity and type 2 diabetes is not fully understood. Understanding the transcriptional program that controls EEC differentiation is important because some EEC types harbor significant therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes.

Methods: EEC isolation from jejunum of obese individuals with (ObD) or without (Ob) type 2 diabetes was obtained with a new method of cell sorting.

Body mass index is associated with epigenetic age acceleration in the visceral adipose tissue of subjects with severe obesity.

Background: There is solid evidence that obesity induces the acceleration of liver epigenetic aging. However, unlike easily accessible blood or subcutaneous adipose tissue, little is known about the impact of obesity on epigenetic aging of metabolically active visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Herein, we aimed to test whether obesity accelerates VAT epigenetic aging in subjects with severe obesity.

Prevention of Potential Adverse Metabolic Effects of a Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Using a Genetic Score Approach.

Introduction: The consumption of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been reported to have beneficial health effects, notably, by reducing plasma triglyceride levels. Nonetheless, a concomitant decrease in insulin sensitivity has also been observed, but is highly variable among subjects. Herein, we aimed to determine the importance of the genetic background in the interindividual variability of the insulin sensitivity response following an n-3 PUFA supplementation.

The Challenge of Stratifying Obesity: Attempts in the Quebec Family Study.

Obesity is a major health problem worldwide. Given the heterogeneous obesity phenotype, an optimal obesity stratification would improve clinical management. Since obesity has a strong genetic component, we aimed to develop a polygenic risk score (PRS) to stratify obesity according to the genetic background of the individuals.

Polygenic risk score for predicting weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Background: The extent of weight loss among patients undergoing bariatric surgery is highly variable. Herein, we tested the contribution of genetic background to such interindividual variability after biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.

Methods: Percentage of excess body weight loss (%EBWL) was monitored in 865 patients over a period of 48 months after bariatric surgery, and two polygenic risk scores were constructed with 186 and 11 (PRS186 and PRS11) single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with body mass index (BMI).

A common variant in ARHGEF10 alters delta-6 desaturase activity and influence susceptibility to hypertriglyceridemia.

Background: Numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fatty acid desaturase activities have been previously identified within the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster, which encodes delta-5 (D5D) and delta-6 (D6D) desaturases, respectively.

Objective: We aimed at further characterizing the genetic variability associated with D5D and D6D activities on a genome-wide scale.

Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study of D5D and D6D activities in a cohort of 141 individuals from the greater Quebec City metropolitan area using the Illumina HumanOmni5-Quad BeadChip.