Supramolecular chemistry in solution and solid-gas interfaces: synthesis and photophysical properties of monocolor and bicolor fluorescent sensors for barium tagging in neutrinoless double beta decay.

Translation of photophysical properties of fluorescent sensors from solution to solid-gas environments functionalized surfaces constitutes a challenge in chemistry. In this work, we report on the chemical synthesis, barium capture ability and photophysical properties of two families of monocolor and bicolor fluorescent sensors. These sensors were prepared to capture barium cations that can be produced in neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe-136.

The Effects of Short-Range Intermolecular Repulsive Forces on Hamaker Constant Estimation Using Atomic Force Microscopy.

The atomic force microscope (AFM), as it is able to characterize surface topography as well determine the AFM cantilever tip-surface force, proves effective at estimating the value of the Hamaker constant, , for a given solid material. Two main AFM-based methods have been proposed for estimating values of . In the approach-to-contact (AtC) method, Hamaker constants are inferred from the deflections at which the AFM tip first jumps into contact with the substrate.

Extensive longevity and DNA virus-driven adaptation in nearctic bats.

The genus is one of the largest clades of bats, and exhibits some of the most extreme variation in lifespans among mammals alongside unique adaptations to viral tolerance and immune defense. To study the evolution of longevity-associated traits and infectious disease, we generated near-complete genome assemblies and cell lines for 8 closely related species of . Using genome-wide screens of positive selection, analyses of structural variation, and functional experiments in primary cell lines, we identify new patterns of adaptation contributing to longevity, cancer resistance, and viral interactions in bats.

White Matter Hyperintensities Are Associated with Slower Gait Speed in Older Adults without Dementia.

Introduction: Slow gait speed is associated with poor health outcomes in aging, but the relationship between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) pathologies and gait speed in aging is not well understood. We investigated the relationships between CSVD imaging markers and gait speed during simple (normal pace walking [NPW]) and complex (walking while talking [WWT]) as both measures are associated with shared health outcomes such as falls, frailty, disability, mortality, and dementia.

Methods: A total of 113 Ashkenazi Jewish adults over 65 (M age = 78.

Impacts of a newly formed lava delta on the marine environment: Lava-induced upwelling and abrupt chlorophyll depletion during the Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, 2021).

The 2021 Tajogaite eruption in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) emitted vast volumes of lava during 85 days, which reached the ocean in several occasions at the western flank of the island. Most of these flows merged to create a primary lava delta, covering an area of 48 ha, with an additional 30 ha underwater. Here we characterize the effects of the lava-seawater interaction on the surrounding marine environment.

Hypoxia exposure blunts angiogenic signaling and upregulates the antioxidant system in endothelial cells derived from elephant seals.

Background: Elephant seals exhibit extreme hypoxemic tolerance derived from repetitive hypoxia/reoxygenation episodes they experience during diving bouts. Real-time assessment of the molecular changes underlying protection against hypoxic injury in seals remains restricted by their at-sea inaccessibility. Hence, we developed a proliferative arterial endothelial cell culture model from elephant seals and used RNA-seq, functional assays, and confocal microscopy to assess the molecular response to prolonged hypoxia.

ANKS1B encoded AIDA-1 regulates social behaviors by controlling oligodendrocyte function.

Heterozygous deletions in the ANKS1B gene cause ANKS1B neurodevelopmental syndrome (ANDS), a rare genetic disease characterized by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and speech and motor deficits. The ANKS1B gene encodes for AIDA-1, a protein that is enriched at neuronal synapses and regulates synaptic plasticity. Here we report an unexpected role for oligodendroglial deficits in ANDS pathophysiology.

Reference genome of Townsend's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii.

Townsend's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii, is a cave- and mine-roosting species found largely in western North America. Considered a species of conservation concern throughout much of its range, protection efforts would greatly benefit from understanding patterns of population structure, genetic diversity, and local adaptation. To facilitate such research, we present the first de novo genome assembly of C.

Outcomes in Patients With Poststroke Seizures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Published data about the impact of poststroke seizures (PSSs) on the outcomes of patients with stroke are inconsistent and have not been systematically evaluated, to the authors' knowledge.

Objective: To investigate outcomes in people with PSS compared with people without PSS.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane, LILACS, LIPECS, and Web of Science, with years searched from 1951 to January 30, 2023.

The evolution of aging and lifespan.

Aging is a nearly inescapable trait among organisms yet lifespan varies tremendously across different species and spans several orders of magnitude in vertebrates alone. This vast phenotypic diversity is driven by distinct evolutionary trajectories and tradeoffs that are reflected in patterns of diversification and constraint in organismal genomes. Age-specific impacts of selection also shape allele frequencies in populations, thus impacting disease susceptibility and environment-specific mortality risk.

A genome assembly of the Yuma myotis bat, Myotis yumanensis.

The Yuma myotis bat (Myotis yumanensis) is a small vespertilionid bat and one of 52 species of new world Myotis bats in the subgenus Pizonyx. While M. yumanensis populations currently appear relatively stable, it is one of 12 bat species known or suspected to be susceptible to white-nose syndrome, the fungal disease causing declines in bat populations across North America.

Versatile Biodegradable Poly(acrylic acid)-Based Hydrogels Infiltrated in Porous Titanium Implants to Improve the Biofunctional Performance.

This research work proposes a synergistic approach to improve implants' performance through the use of porous Ti substrates to reduce the mismatch between Young's modulus of Ti (around 110 GPa) and the cortical bone (20-25 GPa), and the application of a biodegradable, acrylic acid-based polymeric coating to reduce bacterial adhesion and proliferation, and to enhance osseointegration. First, porous commercially pure Ti substrates with different porosities and pore size distributions were fabricated by using space-holder techniques to obtain substrates with improved tribomechanical behavior. On the other hand, a new diacrylate cross-linker containing a reduction-sensitive disulfide bond was synthesized to prepare biodegradable poly(acrylic acid)-based hydrogels with 1, 2, and 4% cross-linker.

Emerging Strategies to Improve the Design and Manufacturing of Biocompatible Therapeutic Materials.

Currently, the field of medicine is drastically advancing, mainly due to the progress in emerging areas such as nanomedicine, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine. For example, the development of novel drug delivery systems in the form of nanoparticles is improving the liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (LADME) properties of the derived formulations, with a consequent enhancement in the treatment efficacy, a reduction in the secondary effects, and an increase in compliance with the dosage guidelines. Additionally, the use of biocompatible scaffolds is translating into the possibility of regenerating biological tissues.

Hypoxia blunts angiogenic signaling and upregulates the antioxidant system in elephant seal endothelial cells.

Elephant seals experience extreme hypoxemia during diving bouts. Similar depletions in oxygen availability characterize pathologies including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke in humans, but seals manage these repeated episodes without injury. However, the real-time assessment of the molecular changes underlying protection against hypoxic injury in seals remains restricted by their at-sea inaccessibility.

Expanding the stdpopsim species catalog, and lessons learned for realistic genome simulations.

Simulation is a key tool in population genetics for both methods development and empirical research, but producing simulations that recapitulate the main features of genomic datasets remains a major obstacle. Today, more realistic simulations are possible thanks to large increases in the quantity and quality of available genetic data, and the sophistication of inference and simulation software. However, implementing these simulations still requires substantial time and specialized knowledge.

Synthesis of Fluorescent Pyrrolo[1,2-]pyrimidines from Fischer Carbene Complexes as Building Blocks.

A novel synthetic methodology is reported for the synthesis of fluorescent pyrrolo[1,2-]pyrimidines. Fischer carbene complexes served as the synthetic platform for (3+3) cyclization to form the heterocyclic moiety. The reaction process furnished two products, their ratio being modulated by the metal, base, and solvent.

The Use of a Brief Synchronization Treatment after Weaning, Combined with Superovulation, Has Moderate Effects on the Gene Expression of Surviving Pig Blastocysts.

The combination of estrus synchronization and superovulation (SS) treatments causes alterations in ovarian and endometrial gene expression patterns, resulting in abnormal follicle and oocyte growth, fertilization, and embryo development. However, the impact of combined SS treatments on the transcriptome of the surviving embryos remains unidentified. In this study, we examined gene expression changes in day 6 blastocysts that survived a brief regimen of synchronization treatment combined with superovulation.

Singular boundary behaviour and large solutions for fractional elliptic equations.

We perform a unified analysis for the boundary behaviour of solutions to nonlocal fractional equations posed in bounded domains. Based on previous findings for some models of the fractional Laplacian operator, we show how it strongly differs from the boundary behaviour of solutions to elliptic problems modelled upon the Laplace-Poisson equation with zero boundary data. In the classical case it is known that, at least in a suitable weak sense, solutions of the homogeneous Dirichlet problem with a forcing term tend to zero at the boundary.

Understanding daily rhythms in weakly electric fish: the role of melatonin on the electric behavior of Brachyhypopomus gauderio.

Living organisms display molecular, physiological and behavioral rhythms synchronized with natural environmental cycles. Understanding the interaction between environment, physiology and behavior requires taking into account the complexity of natural habitats and the diversity of behavioral and physiological adaptations. Brachyhypopomus gauderio is characterized by the emission of electric organ discharges (EOD), with a very stable rate modulated by social and environmental cues.

Parallel evolution of reduced cancer risk and tumor suppressor duplications in .

The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species, but there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan between species indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Previously we showed that several large bodied lineages evolved reduced intrinsic cancer risk, particularly elephants and their extinct relatives (), coincident with pervasive duplication of tumor suppressor genes (Vazquez and Lynch, 2021). Unexpectedly, we also found that (sloths, armadillos, and anteaters) evolved very low intrinsic cancer risk.

Dual neoadjuvant blockade plus chemotherapy versus monotherapy for the treatment of women with non-metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We aimed to determine the effect of dual anti-HER2 blockade compared to monotherapy on clinically important outcomes.

Methods: We carried out a systematic review updated until July 2022. The outcomes included pathological complete response (pCR), clinical response, event-free survival, and overall survival.

Tissue-specific impacts of aging and genetics on gene expression patterns in humans.

Age is the primary risk factor for many common human diseases. Here, we quantify the relative contributions of genetics and aging to gene expression patterns across 27 tissues from 948 humans. We show that the predictive power of expression quantitative trait loci is impacted by age in many tissues.