Inferring murine cerebrospinal fluid flow using artificial intelligence velocimetry with moving boundaries and uncertainty quantification.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is crucial for clearing metabolic waste from the brain, a process whose dysregulation is linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Traditional approaches like particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) are limited by their reliance on single-plane two-dimensional measurements, which fail to capture the complex dynamics of CSF flow fully. To overcome these limitations, we employ artificial intelligence velocimetry (AIV) to reconstruct three-dimensional velocities, infer pressure and wall shear stress and quantify flow rates.

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis Averts Stroke in Atherosclerotic Patients With Border-Zone Infarct: Post Hoc Analysis From a Performance Criterion Phase II Trial.

Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is one of the leading causes of stroke worldwide. Patients with ICAD who initially present with ischemia in border-zone areas and undergo intensive medical management (IMM) have the highest recurrence rates (37% at 1 yr) because of association with hemodynamic failure and poor collaterals.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of encephaloduroarteriosynagiosis (EDAS) on stroke recurrence in patients with ICAD and border-zone stroke (BDZS) at presentation.

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) revascularization for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusive (ERSIAS) Phase-II objective performance criterion trial.

Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is one of the most challenging stroke etiologies, with frequent recurrences despite optimized medical management. Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is an indirect revascularization method that produces extra-cranial collaterals to intracranial vessels. We present the results of a phase-II trial of EDAS in intracranial atherosclerotic disease patients.

Dysbiosis in a canine model of human fistulizing Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition caused by the loss of mucosal tolerance toward the commensal microbiota. On average, 29.5% and 42.

Differential expression of circulating exosomal microRNAs in refractory intracranial atherosclerosis associated with antiangiogenesis.

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a common cause of stroke with high rates of ischemic recurrence. We aimed to investigate the role of circulating exosomal microRNAs (e-miRNAs) in recurrent ischemic events in ICAD. Consecutive patients with severe ICAD undergoing intensive medical management (IMM) were prospectively enrolled.

Differential Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Isoforms Between Intracranial Atherosclerosis and Moyamoya Disease.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) has been identified as a combination of 2 alternative splice variants: proangiogenic VEGF-Aa and antiangiogenic VEGF-Ab. Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) and moyamoya disease (MMD) are 2 main types of intracranial arterial steno-occlusive disorders with distinct capacities for collateral formation. Recent studies indicate that VEGF-A regulates collateral growth in ischemia.

Shigella depends on SepA to destabilize the intestinal epithelial integrity via cofilin activation.

Shigella is unique among enteric pathogens, as it invades colonic epithelia through the basolateral pole. Therefore, it has evolved the ability to breach the intestinal epithelial barrier to deploy an arsenal of effector proteins, which permits bacterial invasion and leads to a severe inflammatory response. However, the mechanisms used by Shigella to regulate epithelial barrier permeability remain unknown.