spp. and spp. as reservoirs of carbapenemase and resistance genes in hospital wastewater.

Unlabelled: Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global threat to public health, generating a growing interest in investigating the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in environments influenced by anthropogenic activities. Wastewater treatment plants in hospital serve as significant reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, where a favorable environment is established, promoting the proliferation and transfer of resistance genes among different bacterial species. In our study, we isolated a total of 243 strains from 5 hospital wastewater sites in Mexico, belonging to 21 distinct Gram-negative bacterial species.

Characterization of immunoglobulin in the gigantic genome of .

Background: The axolotl, is a unique biological model for complete tissue regeneration. Is a neotenic endangered species and is highly susceptible to environmental stress, including infectious disease. In contrast to other amphibians, the axolotl is particularly vulnerable to certain viral infections.

Molecular and Genomic Insights of -Producing Isolates from Piglets.

The use of colistin in food-producing animals favors the emergence and spread of colistin-resistant strains. Here, we investigated the occurrence and molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance among isolates from a Mexican piglet farm. A collection of 175 cephalosporin-resistant colonies from swine fecal samples were recovered.

Genetic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Chikungunya Infections in Mexico during the Outbreak of 2014-2016.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes, which causes Chikungunya fever. Three CHIKV genotypes have been identified: West African, East-Central-South African and Asian. In 2014, CHIKV was detected for the first time in Mexico, accumulating 13,569 confirmed cases in the following three years.

Prediction of neuropeptide precursors and differential expression of adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide, hugin and corazonin in the brain of malaria vector during a infection.

Insect neuropeptides, play a central role in the control of many physiological processes. Based on an analysis of brain transcriptome a neuropeptide precursor database of the mosquito was described. Also, we observed that adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide (ACP), hugin and corazonin encoding genes were differentially expressed during infection.

Expression of Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70-1) in Plasmodium berghei ookinetes and its participation in midgut mosquito infection.

The heat shock protein family 70 (Hsp70) comprises chaperone proteins that play major multiple roles in Plasmodium asexual and sexual development. In this study, we analyzed the expression of Hsp70-1 in gametocytes, gametes, zygotes, and its participation in ookinete formation and their transition into oocysts. A monoclonal antibody against recombinant Hsp70-1 revealed its presence in zygotes and micronemes of ookinetes.

Molecular and genome characterization of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from wild sea lions (Zalophus californianus).

Using molecular and whole-genome sequencing tools, we investigated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from wild sea lions. Two unrelated E. coli colistin-resistant isolates, ST8259 and ST4218, were identified, both belonging to the B2 phylogroup and different serotypes.

Differential Expression of IgM and IgD Discriminates Two Subpopulations of Human Circulating IgMIgDCD27 B Cells That Differ Phenotypically, Functionally, and Genetically.

The origin and function of blood IgMIgDCD27 B cells is controversial, and they are considered a heterogeneous population. Previous staining of circulating B cells of healthy donors with rotavirus fluorescent virus-like particles allowed us to differentiate two subsets of IgMIgDCD27: IgM and IgM B cells. Here, we confirmed this finding and compared the phenotype, transcriptome, function, and Ig gene repertoire of these two subsets.

Molecular and genetic characterization of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in Venezuela.

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated in Venezuela have been poorly characterized. The present study characterized a total of 34 isolates obtained from 27 patients; five of these patients were multi-infected. The bacterial species identified were (17), (9), and (8).

Non-coding Class Switch Recombination-Related Transcription in Human Normal and Pathological Immune Responses.

Antibody class switch recombination (CSR) to IgG, IgA, or IgE is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, allowing antibody function diversification beyond IgM. CSR involves a deletion of the IgM/IgD constant region genes placing a new acceptor Constant gene, downstream of the VDJ exon. CSR depends on non-coding (CSRnc) transcription of donor I and acceptor I exons, located 5' upstream of each C coding gene.

Adaptations in energy metabolism and gene family expansions revealed by comparative transcriptomics of three Chagas disease triatomine vectors.

Background: Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It is an important public health problem affecting around seven to eight million people in the Americas. A large number of hematophagous triatomine insect species, occupying diverse natural and human-modified ecological niches transmit this disease.

A Human Lin CD123 CD127 Population Endowed with ILC Features and Migratory Capabilities Contributes to Immunopathological Hallmarks of Psoriasis.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are members of a heterogeneous family with a lymphoid origin that mimics the T helper (Th) cytokine profile. ILC are involved in early effector cytokine-mediated responses during infections in peripheral tissues. ILC also play an important role in chronic skin inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis.

Cellular stress associated with the differentiation of Plasmodium berghei ookinetes.

For malaria transmission, Plasmodium parasites must develop in the mosquito vector. Oxidative stress in the insect midgut, triggered by environmental changes (e.g.

Cervical Microbiome and Cytokine Profile at Various Stages of Cervical Cancer: A Pilot Study.

Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by high-risk human papillomavirus persistence due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment mediated by cytokines. Vaginal microbiota determines the presence of certain cytokines locally. We assessed the association between cervical microbiota diversity and the histopathological diagnosis of each stage of CC, and we evaluated mRNA cervical expression levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β1, TNF-α and IFN-γ across the histopathological diagnosis and specific bacterial clusters.

Lower IgG somatic hypermutation rates during acute dengue virus infection is compatible with a germinal center-independent B cell response.

Background: The study of human B cell response to dengue virus (DENV) infection is critical to understand serotype-specific protection and the cross-reactive sub-neutralizing response. Whereas the first is beneficial and thus represents the ultimate goal of vaccination, the latter has been implicated in the development of severe disease, which occurs in a small, albeit significant, fraction of secondary DENV infections. Both primary and secondary infections are associated with the production of poly-reactive and cross-reactive IgG antibodies.

Longitudinal analysis of the peripheral B cell repertoire reveals unique effects of immunization with a new influenza virus strain.

Background: Despite the potential to produce antibodies that can neutralize different virus (heterotypic neutralization), there is no knowledge of why vaccination against influenza induces protection predominantly against the utilized viral strains (homotypic response). Identification of structural patterns of the B cell repertoire associated to heterotypic neutralization may contribute to identify relevant epitopes for a universal vaccine against influenza.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from volunteers immunized with 2008/2009 trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV), pandemic H1N1 (pdmH1N1) monovalent inactivated vaccine (MIV) and the 2014/2015 TIV.

Draft Genome Sequences of Klebsiella variicola Plant Isolates.

Three endophytic Klebsiella variicola isolates-T29A, 3, and 6A2, obtained from sugar cane stem, maize shoots, and banana leaves, respectively-were used for whole-genome sequencing. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of circular chromosomes and plasmids. The genomes contain plant colonization and cellulases genes.

Development of a multiplex-PCR probe system for the proper identification of Klebsiella variicola.

Background: Klebsiella variicola was very recently described as a new bacterial species and is very closely related to Klebsiella pneumoniae; in fact, K. variicola isolates were first identified as K. pneumoniae.

Reconstructing and mining the B cell repertoire with ImmunediveRsity.

The B cell antigen receptor repertoire is highly diverse and constantly modified by clonal selection. High-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) of the lymphocyte repertoire (Rep-Seq) represents a promising technology to explore such diversity ex-vivo and assist in the identification of antigen-specific antibodies based on molecular signatures of clonal selection. Therefore, integrative tools for repertoire reconstruction and analysis from antibody sequences are needed.

Hybridization-based antibody cDNA recovery for the production of recombinant antibodies identified by repertoire sequencing.

High-throughput sequencing of the antibody repertoire is enabling a thorough analysis of B cell diversity and clonal selection, which may improve the novel antibody discovery process. Theoretically, an adequate bioinformatic analysis could allow identification of candidate antigen-specific antibodies, requiring their recombinant production for experimental validation of their specificity. Gene synthesis is commonly used for the generation of recombinant antibodies identified in silico.

Using high-throughput sequencing to leverage surveillance of genetic diversity and oseltamivir resistance: a pilot study during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic.

Background: Influenza viruses display a high mutation rate and complex evolutionary patterns. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely used for qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of genetic diversity in complex biological samples. The "deep sequencing" approach, enabled by the enormous throughput of current NGS platforms, allows the identification of rare genetic viral variants in targeted genetic regions, but is usually limited to a small number of samples.

A distinct regulatory sequence is essential for the expression of a subset of nle genes in attaching and effacing Escherichia coli.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli uses a type III secretion system (T3SS), encoded in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, to translocate a wide repertoire of effector proteins into the host cell in order to subvert cell signaling cascades and promote bacterial colonization and survival. Genes encoding type III-secreted effectors are located in the LEE and scattered throughout the chromosome. While LEE gene regulation is better understood, the conditions and factors involved in the expression of effectors encoded outside the LEE are just starting to be elucidated.

Transcriptome of the adult female malaria mosquito vector Anopheles albimanus.

Background: Human Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Transmission is a complex phenomenon involving biological and environmental factors of humans, parasites and mosquitoes. Among more than 500 anopheline species, only a few species from different branches of the mosquito evolutionary tree transmit malaria, suggesting that their vectorial capacity has evolved independently.

An antisense RNA plays a central role in the replication control of a repC plasmid.

The widespread replicons of repABC and repC families from alpha-proteobacteria share high similarity in their replication initiator proteins (RepC). Here we describe the minimal region required for stable replication of a member of the repC family, the low copy-number plasmid pRmeGR4a from Sinorizobium meliloti GR4. This region contains only two genes: one encoding the initiator protein RepC (46.