Analysis of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of diesel exhaust PM2.5 generated from diesel and dual natural gas-diesel engines.

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are atmospheric pollutants associated with adverse health effects. In response to their impact, natural gas (NG) has emerged as a promising alternative fuel due to its cleaner combustion. Although the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DEPs from diesel or NG engines have been extensively studied, the impact of dual natural gas-diesel systems remains unexplored.