Psychiatric Features of Children with Chronic Functional Constipation: Focusing on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the psychiatric characteristics of children with chronic functional constipation using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Japanese version and the Pervasive Developmental Disorders/Autism Society Japan Rating Scale, and to examine the frequency of autism spectrum disorder in children with chronic functional constipation. We also investigated differences in treatment duration between children with and without autism spectrum disorder.

Methods: Treatment outcomes were examined retrospectively for 55 participants (chronic functional constipation group: n = 30, mean age 3.

Description of a novel technique for ultrasound-based planning for gynaecological 3D brachytherapy and comparison between plans of this technique and 2D with fluoroscopy.

With the purpose of implementing a way to obtain volumes from ultrasound axial images, a novel method for 3D gynaecologic brachytherapy was assessed, with a 3D-printed attachment for a commercial stepper (for prostate brachytherapy). It allowed the acquisition of a transabdominal axial image series by ultrasound; these images were uploaded to a treatment planning system where high-risk clinical tumour volume (HR-CTV) and risk organs were contoured. A dose administration plan was developed with orthogonal X-ray images (0° and 270° incidences), using International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) 38 points.

Assessing METland Design and Performance Through LCA: Techno-Environmental Study With Multifunctional Unit Perspective.

Conventional wastewater treatment technologies are costly and energy demanding; such issues are especially remarkable when small communities have to clean up their pollutants. In response to these requirements, a new variety of nature-based solution, so-called METland, has been recently develop by using concepts from Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (MET) to outperform classical constructed wetland regarding wastewater treatment. Thus, the current study evaluates two operation modes (aerobic and aerobic-anoxic) of a full-scale METland, including a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) conducted under a Net Environmental Balance perspective.

High antiparasitic activity of silver complexes of 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5 a]pyrimidine.

Two dinuclear silver complexes containing 5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) were synthesized, [Ag(dmtp)][Ag(dmtp)](BF)(HO) and [Ag(dmtp)(ClO4)][Ag(dmtp)(HO)](ClO). They have been spectroscopically and thermally characterized and their structures have been solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds display fluorescence in the visible range (486 nm) when irradiated with UV light (265 nm).

[Assessment of moral competence of physicians].

Background: Moral competence (MC) in physicians is fundamental, given the increasing complexity of medicine. The "Moral Competence Test" (MCT © Lind) evaluates this feature and its indicator is the C Index (CI).

Aim: To explore moral competence and its associated factors among physicians working in Chile.

Strategies for overcoming tropical disease by ruthenium complexes with purine analog: Application against Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi.

Tropical diseases currently constitute a major health problem and thus a challenge in the field of drug discovery. The current treatments show serious disadvantages due to cost, toxicity, long therapy duration and resistance, and the use of metal complexes as chemotherapeutic agents against these ailments appears to be a very attractive alternative. Herein, we describe three newly synthesized ruthenium complexes with a bioactive molecule, the purine analogue 5,6,7-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tmtp): cis,fac-[RuCl(dmso)(tmtp)] (1), mer-[RuCl(dmso)(HO)(tmtp)]·2HO (2) and fac,cis-[RuCl(HO)(tmtp)] (3).

Leishmanicidal and Trypanocidal Activity of Metal Complexes with 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: Insights on their Therapeutic Potential against Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease.

Since their first synthesis back in the early 20th century, 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines have aroused increasing interest in very diverse areas ranging from chemotherapy to agriculture or even photography. Their similarity to purines confers a potential bioactivity and this feature has been wisely exploited for therapeutic use, including antifungal, antipyretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antitumoral and antiparasitic properties. In this review, we focus on the compounds that these nitrogen heterocycles form with metal ions and their antiparasitic activity and therapeutic potential against two neglected diseases of tropical prevalence, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.

Self-assembly synthesis, structure, topology, and magnetic properties of a mononuclear Fe(iii)-violurate derivative: a combined experimental and theoretical study.

A new iron(iii) complex [Fe(HVi)]·py·4HO (1) {HVi = violuric acid, py = pyridine} was self-assembled and characterized. In the crystal structure, adjacent [Fe(HVi)] blocks are H-bonded into a complex 3D network, which was topologically classified as a pcu [alpha-Po primitive cubic] network. Importance of π-stacking interactions was also highlighted and analyzed computationally.

Highly Stable Double-Stranded DNA Containing Sequential Silver(I)-Mediated 7-Deazaadenine/Thymine Watson-Crick Base Pairs.

The oligonucleotide d(TX)9 , which consists of an octadecamer sequence with alternating non-canonical 7-deazaadenine (X) and canonical thymine (T) as the nucleobases, was synthesized and shown to hybridize into double-stranded DNA through the formation of hydrogen-bonded Watson-Crick base pairs. dsDNA with metal-mediated base pairs was then obtained by selectively replacing W-C hydrogen bonds by coordination bonds to central silver(I) ions. The oligonucleotide I adopts a duplex structure in the absence of Ag(+) ions, and its stability is significantly enhanced in the presence of Ag(+) ions while its double-helix structure is retained.

Taxonomy and phenotypic relationships of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex in the Mesoamerican and Pacific Neotropical dominions (Diptera, Tephritidae).

Previous morphometric studies based on linear measurements of female structures of the aculeus, mesonotum, and wing revealed the existence of seven morphotypes within the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex along the Neotropical Region. The current research followed linear and geometric morphometric approaches in 40 population samples of the nominal species Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) spread throughout the Meso-American and Pacific Neotropical dominions (including Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru). The goals were to explore the phenotypic relationships of the morphotypes in these biogeographical areas; evaluate the reliability of procedures used for delimitation of morphotypes; and describe their current distribution.

Morphometric study of third-instar larvae from five morphotypes of the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae).

The occurrence of cryptic species among economically important fruit flies strongly affects the development of management tactics for these pests. Tools for studying cryptic species not only facilitate evolutionary and systematic studies, but they also provide support for fruit fly management and quarantine activities. Previous studies have shown that the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is a complex of cryptic species, but few studies have been performed on the morphology of its immature stages.

Triazolopyrimidine compounds containing first-row transition metals and their activity against the neglected infectious Chagas disease and leishmaniasis.

Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease remain a significant global problem. Current treatments have serious disadvantage due to cost, toxicity, long therapy duration and resistance. In the last years increasing interest has arisen in drug development to fight both diseases.

Lanthanide complexes containing 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-7(4H)-one and their therapeutic potential to fight leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.

In the last years, numerous and significant advances in lanthanide coordination chemistry have been achieved. The unique chemical nature of these metal ions which is conferred by their f-electrons has led to a wide range of coordination compounds with interesting structural, physical and also biological properties. Consequently, lanthanide complexes have found applications mainly in catalysis, gas adsorption, photochemistry and as diagnostic tools.

Platelet-rich plasma, plasma rich in growth factors and simvastatin in the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone.

Platelet preparations promote bone regeneration by inducing cell migration, proliferation and differentiation in the area of the injury, which are essential processes for regeneration. In addition, several studies have indicated that simvastatin (SIMV), widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, stimulates osteogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with either platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in combination with SIMV in the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone.

Priority organic compounds in wastewater effluents from the Mediterranean and Atlantic basins of Andalusia (Spain).

A comprehensive survey of the occurrence of organic compounds in 30 wastewater (WW) effluent samples from 21 urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from both secondary and tertiary treatments was carried out in the Mediterranean and Atlantic basins of the Andalusia region (south of Spain). For each sample, a total of 226 compounds including pesticides and some transformation products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenolic compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored with the aim of evaluating their occurrence in urban WW effluents. Compounds belonging to each class were detected.

H-bonds superstructures built by aquacomplexes and an azapurine derivative: a case of molecular recognition.

The crystal structures of six compounds involving the divalent cations of Mn, Zn and Cd, the anionic form of the heterocycle 4,6-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-5,7-dione (Hdmax) and bipyridyl based spacer ligands are reported. The most important feature of these structures is the presence, in all cases, of a topologically identical 1-D polymeric superstructure (tape), involving tetra- or hexaaqua complex cations and triazolopyrimidine anions, built through hydrogen bonds. Adding these results to others previously published, we may consider these tapes as robust supramolecular synthons where a defined/clear case of molecular recognition between these two moieties takes place.

In vitro anti-leishmania evaluation of nickel complexes with a triazolopyrimidine derivative against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis.

Studies on the anti-proliferative activity in vitro of seven ternary nickel (II) complexes with a triazolopyrimidine derivative and different aliphatic or aromatic amines as auxiliary ligands against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis have been carried out. These compounds are not toxic for the host cells and two of them are effective at lower concentrations than the reference drug used in the present study (Glucantime). In general, the in vitro growth rate of Leishmania spp.

Bis(7-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-ium) bis-(oxalato-κO,O)cuprate(II) dihydrate.

The structure of the title ionic compound, (C(5)H(6)N(5))(2)[Cu(C(2)O(4))(2)]·2H(2)O, consists of a centrosymmetric copper(II) oxalate dianion, two monoprotonated mol-ecules of the adenine analog 7-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (7atp) and two water mol-ecules of crystallization. The Cu(II) ion, located on an inversion center, exhibits a sligthly distorted square-planar coordination geometry, in which two oxalate anions bind in a bidentate fashion. The triazolopyrimidine ligand is protonated at the N atom in position 4, instead of its most basic N atom in position 3.

Insights on the binding ability of a new adenine analog: 7-amine-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. Synthesis and magnetic study of the first copper(II) complexes.

Conventional reactions of the new multidentate ligand 7-amine-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (7atp, 1) with copper(II) salts lead to four novel multidimensional coordination complexes [Cu(7atp)(mal)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O (2), [Cu(2)(μ-7atp)(4)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(4)·3H(2)O (3), {[Cu(7atp)(2)(μ-ox)]·3H(2)O}(n) (4) and {[Cu(7atp)(2)(μ-suc)]·2H(2)O}(n) (5), where ox(2-), mal(2-) and suc(2-) mean oxalate, malonate and succinate, respectively. In these compounds, the 7atp ligand coordinates monodentately through its atom N3, except for compound 3, which displays N3-N4 coordination mode, giving rise to all to structures with diverse topologies and dimensionality. Compound 2 is a mononuclear entity, 3 consists of dinuclear species, 4 is a zig-zag chain with oxalate as a bridging ligand and 5 is a succinate-bridged mono-dimensional system.

Dinuclear silver(I) complexes for the design of metal-ligand networks based on triazolopyrimidines.

Silver(I) coordination complexes with the versatile and biomimetic ligands 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tp), 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) and 7-amine-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (7atp) all feature dinuclear [Ag(2)(μ-tp)(2)](2+) building units (where tp is a triazolopyrimidine derivative), which are the preferred motif, independently of the counter-anion used. According to AIM (atoms in molecules) and ELF (electron localization function) analyses, this fact is due to the great stability of these dinuclear species. The complexes structures range from the dinuclear entities [Ag(2)(μ-tp)(2)(CH(3)CN)(4)](BF(4))(2) (1), [Ag(2)(μ-tp)(2)(CH(3)CN)(4)](ClO(4))(2) (2), [Ag(2)(μ-7atp)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (3) and [Ag(2)(μ-dmtp)(2)(CH(3)CN)](PF(6))(ClO(4)) (4) over the 1D polymer chain [Ag(2)(μ-CF(3)SO(3))(2)(μ-dmtp)(2)](n) (5) to the 3D net {[Ag(2)(μ(3)-tp)(2)](PF(6))(2)·∼6H(2)O}(n) (6) with NbO topology.

Bis(cyanato-κN)bis-(5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-κN)zinc.

In the title complex, [Zn(NCO)(2)(C(7)H(8)N(4))(2)], the Zn(II) ion exhibits a distorted tetra-hedral coordination geometry. The coordination environment is formed by two 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) ligands, coordinated through the N atom in position 3, and two cyanate anions inter-acting by their N atoms. Supra-molecular dimers are generated by stacking inter-actions between the pyrimidine rings of two ligands related by an inversion center [centroid-centroid distance = 3.

In vitro and in vivo antiparasital activity against Trypanosoma cruzi of three novel 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one-based complexes.

Conventional reactions of the versatile multidentate ligand 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-7(4H)-one (HmtpO) with metallic(II) perchlorate salts lead to three novel multidimensional complexes [Cu(HmtpO)(2)(H(2)O)(3)](ClO(4))(2)·H(2)O (1), {[Cu(HmtpO)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2) ·2HmtpO}(n) (2) and {[Co(HmtpO)(H(2)O)(3)](ClO(4))(2)·2H(2)O}(n) (3). We have tested the antiparasital activity in vitro and in vivo of the three new complexes against Trypanosoma cruzi showing very promising results and overcoming clearly the reference drug commonly used for the Chagas disease treatment, benznidazole.

Structural and magnetic properties of three novel complexes with the versatile ligand 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one.

Conventional reactions of the versatile multidentate ligand 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one (HmtpO) with metallic(II) salts lead to three novel multidimensional complexes [Cu(HmtpO)(2)(H(2)O)(3)](ClO(4))(2)·H(2)O (1), {[Cu(HmtpO)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2)·2HmtpO}(n) (2) and {[Co(HmtpO)(H(2)O)(3)](ClO(4))(2)·2H(2)O}(n) (3). In each compound, the triazolopyrimidine ligand shows a different and unusual coordination mode, giving rise to structures with diverse topologies and dimensionality. Compound 1 is a monomeric complex, in which HmtpO shows both N3-monodentate and N1,O71-bidentate modes.

Biological activity of three novel complexes with the ligand 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one against Leishmania spp.

Objectives: We report on new 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine complexes that have been developed and examined for both antiproliferative in vitro activity against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis, and report their possible mechanism of action on L. infantum and L. braziliensis.

[Primary pneumonic plague with nosocomial transmission in La Libertad, Peru 2010].

Unlabelled: Pneumonic plague is one of the clinical forms of plague, of low frequency and high mortality, transmitted by direct inhalation of Yersinia pestis coming from an animal or from person to person.

Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the cases of primary pneumonic plague in an outbreak in the north of Peru.

Materials And Methods: The clinical records of the confirmed cases of primary pneumonic plague presenting in an outbreak occurring in La Libertad, in July 2010, were reviewed, also the search and contact investigation was performed.