Detecting Sensitive Spectral Bands and Vegetation Indices for Potato Yield Using Handheld Spectroradiometer Data.

Remote sensing is a valuable tool in precision agriculture due to its spatial and temporal coverage, non-destructive method of data collection, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we measured the canopy reflectance of potato ( L.) crops on a plant-by-plant basis with a handheld spectrometer instrument.

Tumor-Intrinsic Perinuclear LOXL2: Prognostic Relevance and Relationship with YAP1 Activation Status in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) expression and function is frequently altered in different cancers but scarcely explored in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This prompted us to investigate the clinical relevance of LOXL2 expression pattern in OSCC and also a possible crosstalk with Hippo/YAP1 pathway signaling.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of LOXL2 protein expression was performed in 158 OSCC patient samples, together with Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activation status.

Treatment of the neck in residual/recurrent disease after chemoradiotherapy for advanced primary laryngeal cancer.

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is extensively used as primary organ preservation treatment for selected advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC). The oncologic outcomes of such regimens are comparable to those of total laryngectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. However, the management of loco-regional recurrences after CRT remains a challenge, with salvage total laryngectomy being the only curative option.

Lectin-like Transcript-1 (LLT1) Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Prognostic Significance and Relationship with the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.

Lectin-like transcript-1 (LLT1) expression is detected in different cancer types and is involved in immune evasion. The present study investigates the clinical relevance of tumoral and stromal LLT1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and relationships with the immune infiltrate into the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Immunohistochemical analysis of LLT1 expression was performed in 124 OSCC specimens, together with PD-L1 expression and the infiltration of CD20, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes and CD68 and CD163-macrophages.

Low-Level Expression of p-S6 Is Associated with Nodal Metastasis in Patients with Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer. The incidence of metastasis for cSCC is estimated to be around 1.2-5%.

Primary Management of Operable Locally Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Current Concepts and Strategies.

Introduction: Locally advanced oral cavity carcinoma (LAOCSCC) is primarily treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.

Methods: A review of literature using PubMED was performed for studies reporting the management of LAOCSCC. Based on the reviewed literature and opinions of experts in the field, recommendations were made.

Combined and Gene Amplification Predicts Laryngeal Cancer Risk beyond Histopathological Grading.

The and genes map at 3q26, a chromosomal region frequently amplified in head and neck cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis. This study explores the clinical significance of and gene amplification in early tumorigenesis. Gene copy number was analyzed by real-time PCR in 62 laryngeal precancerous lesions and correlated with histopathological grading and laryngeal cancer risk.

Initial surgical management of sporadic medullary thyroid cancer: Guidelines based optimal care - A systematic review.

Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor from parafollicular cells that produce calcitonin (Ct). Despite several existing guidelines for the surgical management of sporadic MTC (sMTC), optimal initial surgical management of the thyroid, the central and the lateral neck remains a matter of debate.

Methods: A systematic review in PubMed and Scopus for current guidelines addressing the surgical management of sMTC and its referenced citations was conducted as per the PRISMA guidelines.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: conceptual controversy and clinical impact.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTC) are rare diseases; nevertheless, they account for the majority of deaths from non-anaplastic follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas. Establishing the diagnosis and treatment of PDTC is challenging given the low incidence and the lack of standardization of diagnostic criteria. These limitations hamper the ability to compare therapeutic modalities and outcomes between recent and older studies.

VAV2 orchestrates the interplay between regenerative proliferation and ribogenesis in both keratinocytes and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

VAV2 is an activator of RHO GTPases that promotes and maintains regenerative proliferation-like states in normal keratinocytes and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Here, we demonstrate that VAV2 also regulates ribosome biogenesis in those cells, a program associated with poor prognosis of human papilloma virus-negative (HPV) OSCC patients. Mechanistically, VAV2 regulates this process in a catalysis-dependent manner using a conserved pathway comprising the RAC1 and RHOA GTPases, the PAK and ROCK family kinases, and the c-MYC and YAP/TAZ transcription factors.

Tumor mutational burden predictability in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with immunotherapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been demonstrated to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various cancers. However, the role of TMB in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not yet been specifically addressed. Since HNSCC patients exhibit a rather limited response to ICIs, there is an unmet need to develop predictive biomarkers to improve patient selection criteria and the clinical benefit of ICI treatment.

Prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory ratios in early glottic cancer treated with transoral laser surgery.

Background: There is growing evidence regarding the prognostic utility of ratios such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SIII) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, most studies to date include heterogeneous series with different treatments or tumor subsites.

Methods: We collected data from 201 patients with stage I-II glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated with transoral laser surgery.

Prognostic Significance of β-Catenin in Relation to the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Oral Cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic relevance of β-catenin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore relationships with the tumor immune microenvironment. Expression of β-catenin and PD-L1, as well as lymphocyte and macrophage densities, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 125 OSCC patient specimens. Membranous β-catenin expression was detected in 102 (81.

Review of Outcomes after Salvage Surgery for Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay in treatment for advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, locoregional recurrences are frequent. Salvage surgery could be proposed in selected patients to improve local control, disease-free, and overall survival. Factors for improved disease-free and overall survival in patients treated with salvage surgery include age, tumor location, the initial T stage, HPV status, resection margins, and the time elapsing from the initial treatment.

Emerging Role of Decoy Receptor-2 as a Cancer Risk Predictor in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the senescence markers, Decoy Receptor 2 (DcR2) and Differentiated Embryo-Chondrocyte expressed gen 1 (DEC1), in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to ascertain their possible association with oral cancer risk. The immunohistochemical analysis of DcR2 and DEC1 expression (along with p16 and Ki67 expression) was carried out in 60 patients with clinically diagnosed oral leukoplakia. Fifteen cases (25%) subsequently developed an invasive carcinoma.

Progress and emerging strategies to preserve function in the treatment of sinonasal cancer.

The sinonasal structures and their adjacent organs host several functions including vision, olfaction, nasal respiration and filtration, secretory immunity, facial expression, articulation, and oral deglutition. We reviewed the current evidence supporting functional preservation in sinonasal cancer treatment. Primary surgery with or without adjuvant modalities continues to be the standard of care for sinonasal cancer.

Lymph Node Metastases from Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck.

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) represents the most common malignancy in the world, comprising exceedingly common lesions such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and rare lesions such as Merkel cell carcinoma. Risk factors are widely recognized and include ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, radiation exposure, immunosuppression, and many others. As a whole, survival and functional outcomes are favorable, but each histopathological subtype of NMSC behaves differently.

Beyond the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 era: promising role of the BTLA/HVEM axis as a future target for cancer immunotherapy.

Recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints to harness antitumor immunity has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape. The therapeutic success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapies mainly relies on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. However, the limited overall responses and lack of reliable predictive biomarkers of patient´s response are major pitfalls limiting immunotherapy success.

Predictive value of tumor budding in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an update.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma forms an anatomically and functionally complex group of malignancies. The significant local aggressiveness and frequent regional relapses motivate ongoing research to identify more reliable and sensitive prognostic and predictive biomarkers. One emerging area of cancer biology is the evaluation of tumor budding at the advancing invasive front of various types of epithelial cancers.

Survival Outcomes in T3 Laryngeal Cancers: Primary Total Laryngectomy vs. Concurrent Chemoradiation or Radiation Therapy-A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The management of cT3 laryngeal cancers remains controversial, with studies recommending surgical or non-surgical approaches. Despite the many papers that have been published on the subject, there is a lack of studies showing which treatment has better results in terms of survival.

Objective: To determine the difference in survival outcomes following total laryngectomy (TL), concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) or radiation therapy (RT) alone in T3 laryngeal cancers.

Pharyngeal Reconstruction Methods to Reduce the Risk of Pharyngocutaneous Fistula After Primary Total Laryngectomy: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: The most common early postoperative complication after total laryngectomy (TL) is pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF). Rates of PCF are higher in patients who undergo salvage TL compared with primary TL. Published meta-analyses include heterogeneous studies making the conclusions difficult to interpret.