TINU: A Multisystemic Inflammatory Disorder-Case Report and Literature Review.

. The syndrome of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) is a rare oculorenal condition, mainly seen in children and women. The underlying cause of this disease is unknown.

Chronic hyperkalemia, diagnosis and management. Colombian consensus.

Objective: Generate recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of chronic hyperkalemia.

Method: This consensus was made by nephrologists and cardiologists following the GRADE methodology.

Results: Chronic hyperkalemia can be defined as a biochemical condition with or without clinical manifestations characterized by a recurrent elevation of serum potassium levels that may require pharmacological and or non-pharmacological intervention.

Novel Biomarkers of Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. It represents one of the most common complications arising from diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Its development involves three fundamental components: the hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory axes.

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review.

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most frequent complications in patients with diabetes mellitus and affects morbidity and mortality. The recent therapies include oral hypoglycemic drugs that, in addition to optimizing glycemic control and reducing the risk of hypoglycemia, may affect the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease; these novel therapies include inhibitors of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a group of oral hypoglycemic therapeutic agents that act at the level of the incretin system. DPP-4 inhibitors show additional pleiotropic effects in in vitro models, reducing inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative damage, further suggesting potential kidney protective effects.