Effect of Time-Varying Exposure to School-Based Health Promotion on Adiposity in Childhood.

Background: The results of most school-based health promotion initiatives are inconclusive.

Objectives: This trial assessed the effect of time-varying exposures to a multicomponent school-based health promotion intervention (SI! Program) on adiposity markers.

Methods: A total of 48 schools in Madrid (Spain) were cluster randomized to receive the SI! Program through elementary education grades 1 to 6 (E1-6, 12 schools, 459 children), 1 to 3 (E1-3, 12 schools, 513 children), or 4 to 6 (E4-6, 12 schools, 419 children) or to receive the standard curriculum (control, 12 schools, 379 children).

Cardiovascular Health Trajectories in Adolescence and Their Association With Sociodemographic and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Spain.

Purpose: To determine cardiovascular health (CVH) trajectories and their association with sociodemographic and cardiometabolic outcomes in adolescence.

Methods: One thousand eighty adolescents attending 24 secondary schools enrolled in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial in Spain were assessed at approximately 12, 14, and 16 years of age. CVH was assessed according to American Heart Association criteria based on seven metrics (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose), and CVH trajectories were identified by latent class trajectory modeling.

Absence of Myocardial Involvement After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Asymptomatic Adolescents.

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of subclinical myocardial damage in adolescents who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. One hundred twenty asymptomatic adolescents with a mean age of 16.0 ± 0.

Metabolic syndrome, adiposity, diet, and emotional eating are associated with oxidative stress in adolescents.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS), a condition related to adiposity and oxidative stress, can develop in adolescence, a critical stage in life that impacts health in adulthood. However, there is scarce scientific research about the relationship between lifestyle factors, emotion management, and oxidative stress in this phase of life.

Aim: To analyze whether nutritional parameters, lifestyle factors, emotion management, and MS in adolescents are associated with oxidative stress measured by the biomarker 8-isoprostane.

Sleep duration and its association with adiposity markers in adolescence: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Aims: Large studies linking adolescents' objectively measured sleep duration and adiposity markers are lacking. We characterized sleep duration and its cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with adiposity markers in adolescence.

Methods And Results: Seven-day accelerometry was performed in a cohort of adolescents enrolled in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial in Spain at approximately ages 12 (1216 adolescents, 49.

Urinary Nitric Oxide Levels Are Associated with Blood Pressure, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Total Polyphenol Excretion in Adolescents from the SI! Program.

Nitric oxide (NO) is important to cardiovascular health (CVH), and its bioavailability could be regulated by the antioxidant effect of polyphenols, improving endothelial function and consequently blood pressure (BP). However, scant research has been carried out on NO and CVH correlates in adolescent populations. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between NO and the CVH status and other health factors in adolescents.

Effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular health: the TANSNIP-PESA trial.

Aims: To investigate the effectiveness of a 3-year worksite lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular metrics and to study whether outcomes are influenced by baseline subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) by non-invasive imaging.

Methods And Results: A randomized controlled trial was performed to compare a lifestyle intervention with standard of care in asymptomatic middle-aged subjects, stratified by SA. The intervention consisted of nine motivational interviews during the first year, followed by three further sessions between Years 1 and 3.

Unbiased plasma proteomics discovery of biomarkers for improved detection of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Background: Imaging of subclinical atherosclerosis improves cardiovascular risk prediction on top of traditional risk factors. However, cardiovascular imaging is not universally available. This work aims to identify circulating proteins that could predict subclinical atherosclerosis.

Lessons Learned From 10 Years of Preschool Intervention for Health Promotion: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Implementing a health promotion program for children is a complex endeavor. In this review, we outline the key lessons learned over 10 years of experience in implementing the SI! Program (Salud Integral-Comprehensive Health) for cardiovascular health promotion in preschool settings in 3 countries: Colombia (Bogotá), Spain (Madrid), and the United States (Harlem, New York). By matching rigorous efficacy studies with implementation science, we can help bridge the divide between science and educational practice.

The challenge of sustainability: Long-term results from the Fifty-Fifty peer group-based intervention in cardiovascular risk factors.

Background: The Fifty-Fifty trial demonstrated that a peer-group-based intervention was able to improve healthy behaviors in individuals with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors immediately post-intervention.

Objectives: To determine the long-term sustainability of a one-year peer-group-based intervention focused on CV health and behavior.

Methods: A total of 543 adults aged 25 to 50 years with at least 1 CV risk factor were screened and recruited, received initial training through workshops, and were then randomized 1:1 to a peer-group-based intervention group (IG) or a self-management control group (CG) for 12 months.

Machine Learning Improves Cardiovascular Risk Definition for Young, Asymptomatic Individuals.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis using imaging techniques in individuals with intermediate atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk according to standard risk prediction tools.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a machine-learning model based on routine, quantitative, and easily measured variables to predict the presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in young, asymptomatic individuals. The risk of having SA estimated by this model could be used to refine risk estimation and optimize the use of imaging for risk assessment.

Erratum: Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spanish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the SI! Program for Health Promotion in Secondary Schools; 2019, , 2297.

The authors have requested that the following changes be made to their paper [...

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spanish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the SI! Program for Health Promotion in Secondary Schools.

Previous studies on the association between dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in adolescents have generated conflicting results. The aim of this study was to describe dietary patterns (DP) in a large sample of Spanish adolescents and to assess their cross-sectional relationship with CVRF. In total, 1324 adolescents aged 12.

Does Socioeconomic Status Influence the Risk of Subclinical Atherosclerosis?: A Mediation Model.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES)-education, income level, and occupation-is associated with cardiovascular risk.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and subclinical atherosclerosis and the potential mechanisms involved.

Methods: SES, lifestyle habits (smoking, dietary patterns, physical activity, and hours of sleep), traditional risk factors, and subclinical atherosclerosis extent were prospectively assessed in 4,025 individuals aged 40 to 54 years without known cardiovascular disease enrolled in the PESA (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) study.

Rationale and design of the school-based SI! Program to face obesity and promote health among Spanish adolescents: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Unhealthy habits in adolescents are increasing at an alarming rate. The school offers a promising environment in which to implement effective preventive strategies to improve adolescents' lifestyle behaviors. The SI! Program is a multilevel multicomponent school-based health-promotion intervention aimed at all stages of compulsory education in Spain.

Rationale and design of the SI! Program for health promotion in elementary students aged 6 to 11 years: A cluster randomized trial.

Unhealthy habits in children are increasing at an alarming rate. The school provides a promising setting for effective preventive strategies to improve children's lifestyle behaviors. The SI! Program is a multilevel multicomponent school-based educational intervention aimed at all stages of compulsory education in Spain.

Association of Sleep Duration and Quality With Subclinical Atherosclerosis.

Background: Sleep duration and quality have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. However, large studies linking objectively measured sleep and subclinical atherosclerosis assessed in multiple vascular sites are lacking.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of actigraphy-measured sleep parameters with subclinical atherosclerosis in an asymptomatic middle-aged population, and investigate interactions among sleep, conventional risk factors, psychosocial factors, dietary habits, and inflammation.

How do energy balance-related behaviors cluster in adolescents?

Objectives: To delineate the clustering of energy balance-related behaviors in adolescents and investigate whether these behaviors are associated with the household socioeconomic status and parental education level.

Methods: Two cross-sectional studies assessed information on sedentary behavior, physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit and vegetable consumption, and sleep duration by self-reported questionnaires in adolescents (12.5-17.

Predicting Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Low-Risk Individuals: Ideal Cardiovascular Health Score and Fuster-BEWAT Score.

Background: The ideal cardiovascular health score (ICHS) is recommended for use in primary prevention. Simpler tools not requiring laboratory tests, such as the Fuster-BEWAT (blood pressure [B], exercise [E], weight [W], alimentation [A], and tobacco [T]) score (FBS), are also available.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ICHS and FBS in predicting the presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Prospective associations between dietary patterns and body composition changes in European children: the IDEFICS study.

Objective: To describe dietary patterns by applying cluster analysis and to describe the cluster memberships of European children over time and their association with body composition changes.

Design: The analyses included k-means clustering based on the similarities between the relative frequencies of consumption of forty-three food items and regression models were fitted to assess the association between dietary patterns and body composition changes.

Setting: Primary schools and pre-schools of selected regions in Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Hungary, Germany and Spain.

Prospective associations between dietary patterns and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in European children: the IDEFICS study.

Purpose: This prospective study explores high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in relation to dietary patterns at two time points in European children.

Methods: Out of the baseline sample of the IDEFICS study (n = 16,228), 4020 children, aged 2-9 years at baseline, with available hs-CRP levels and valid data from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (T0) and 2 years later (T1) were included. K-means clustering algorithm based on the similarities between relative food consumption frequencies of the FFQ was applied.

Bidirectional associations between psychosocial well-being and body mass index in European children: longitudinal findings from the IDEFICS study.

Background: The negative impact of childhood overweight on psychosocial well-being has been demonstrated in a number of studies. There is also evidence that psychosocial well-being may influence future overweight. We examined the bidirectional association between childhood overweight and psychosocial well-being in children from a large European cohort.

Association Between a Social-Business Eating Pattern and Early Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis.

Background: The importance of a healthy diet in relation to cardiovascular health promotion is widely recognized. Identifying specific dietary patterns related to early atherosclerosis would contribute greatly to inform effective primary prevention strategies.

Objectives: This study sought to quantify the association between specific dietary patterns and presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in a population of asymptomatic middle-aged adults.