Pulmonary artery peak Doppler velocity as an estimator of systemic blood flow and predictor of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants: a multicentre prognostic accuracy study.

Objectives: (1) To assess how main pulmonary artery peak Doppler velocity (MPAVpeak) correlates with right ventricular output (RVO) and superior vena cava flow (SVCf), (2) to assess the reproducibility of MPAVpeak and (3) to test the prognostic accuracy of MPAVpeak to predict high-grade intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) or death at seventh day of life.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Nine third-level neonatal units in Spain.

Clinical-Ultrasound Model to Predict the Clinical Course in Bronchiolitis.

Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a clinical-ultrasound model for early detection of hospital admission, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, and oxygen requirement in children diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis (AB). Furthermore, the prognostic ability of models including sonographic data from antero-lateral, lateral-posterior, and posterior areas (eight zones) vs. antero-lateral and lateral-posterior areas (six zones) vs.

Decompressive craniectomy in the acute fulminant cerebral edema.

Acute fulminant cerebral edema is a type of rapidly progressive encephalitis that occurs in children and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a clinical case with seizures, rapid neurological deterioration and the early appearance of cerebral herniation signs. Although the radiological tests were initially normal and there are no established parameters that predict the evolution of encephalitis to a rapidly progressive subtype, the clinical evolution forced to consider the decompressive craniectomy due to the lack of response to the medical management of the cerebral edema.

Knowledge and skills of pediatric residents in managing pediatric foreign body airway obstruction using novel airway clearance devices in Spain: A randomized simulation trial.

Aim: Recent emergence of airway clearance devices (ACDs) as a treatment alternative for foreign body airway obstructions (FBAO) lacks substantial evidence on efficacy and safety. This study aimed to assess pediatric residents' knowledge and skills in managing a simulated pediatric choking scenario, adhering to recommended protocols, and using LifeVac© and DeCHOKER© ACDs.

Methods: Randomized controlled simulation trial, in which 60 pediatric residents from 3 different hospitals (median age 27 [25.

Implications of sedation during the use of noninvasive ventilation in children with acute respiratory failure (SEDANIV Study).

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of sedation administration on clinical parameters, comfort status, intubation requirements, and the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay (LOS) in children with acute respiratory failure (ARF) receiving noninvasive ventilation (NIV).

Methods: Thirteen PICUs in Spain participated in a prospective, multicenter, observational trial from January to December 2021. Children with ARF under the age of five who were receiving NIV were included.

Fatal sclerosing mesenteritis: a 7-year-old male autopsy case report.

Sclerosing Mesenteritis (SM) is a rare diagnosis, particularly in pediatric patients, and is typically non-fatal when appropriately treated. Although molecular and immunohistochemical alterations have been described, no pathognomonic signature has been identified for this entity. This report presents a case of a seven-year-old boy who suffered sudden cardiorespiratory arrest.

Noninvasive Ventilation for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Experience From the 2016/2017 Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: The worldwide practice and impact of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is unknown. We sought to describe NIV use and associated clinical outcomes in PARDS.

Design: Planned ancillary study to the 2016/2017 prospective Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology study.

Non-dipping blood pressure pattern in pediatricians during on-duty.

Introduction: People with a reduced nighttime dip in blood pressure have an increased cardiovascular risk. Our objective was to describe the different patterns in blood pressure (BP) among pediatricians who work in long on-duty shifts in relation with sex, medical rank and sleeping time.

Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, two-center study.

Predicting the Risk of Mortality in Children using a Fuzzy-Probabilistic Hybrid Model.

Introduction: The mortality risk in children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) is usually estimated by means of validated scales, which only include objective data among their items. Human perceptions may also add relevant information to prognosticate the risk of death, and the tool to use this subjective data is fuzzy logic. The objective of our study was to develop a mathematical model to predict mortality risk based on the subjective perception of PICU staff and to evaluate its accuracy compared to validated scales.

Effects of IFIH1 rs1990760 variants on systemic inflammation and outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients in an observational translational study.

Background: Variants in , a gene coding the cytoplasmatic RNA sensor MDA5, regulate the response to viral infections. We hypothesized that rs199076 variants would modulate host response and outcome after severe COVID-19.

Methods: Patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed COVID-19 were prospectively studied and rs1990760 variants determined.

Mechanical ventilation promotes lung tumour spread by modulation of cholesterol cell content.

Background: Mechanical stretch of cancer cells can alter their invasiveness. During mechanical ventilation, lungs may be exposed to an increased amount of stretch, but the consequences on lung tumours have not been explored.

Methods: To characterise the influence of mechanical ventilation on the behaviour of lung tumours, invasiveness assays and transcriptomic analyses were performed in cancer cell lines cultured in static conditions or under cyclic stretch.

Establishing a risk assessment framework for point-of-care ultrasound.

Unlabelled: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) refers to the use of portable ultrasound (US) applications at the bedside, performed directly by the treating physician, for either diagnostic or procedure guidance purposes. It is being rapidly adopted by traditionally non-imaging medical specialties across the globe. Recent international evidence-based guidelines on POCUS for critically ill neonates and children were issued by the POCUS Working Group of the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC).

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Intestinal Cells of a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

A previously healthy 12-year-old boy had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) that was rapidly fatal. Autopsy revealed the presence of a large intracardiac thrombus. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was detected in intestinal cells, supporting the hypothesis that viral presence in the gut may be related to the immunologic response of MIS-C.

Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in Children at the Start of COVID-19 Outbreak: A Nationwide Experience.

Study Design: This is a prospective, multicenter, and observational study with the aim of describing physiological characteristics, respiratory management, and outcomes of children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) from different etiologies receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) compared with those affected by SARS-CoV-2.

Methods And Main Results: Twenty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria: 9 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 19 patients without COVID-19. Non-COVID-19 patients had more pre-existing comorbidities (78.

A pediatric case of Bartonella henselae and Epstein Barr virus disease with bone and hepatosplenic involvement.

Background: Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disorder caused by Bartonella henselae. The infection usually presents as local lymphadenopathy, fever, and mild constitutional symptoms. Systemic or severe disease is reported in 5-20% of patients with CSD.

Biotrauma during ultra-low tidal volume ventilation and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock: a randomized crossover clinical trial.

Background: Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (CPE) may contribute to ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) in patients with cardiogenic shock. The appropriate ventilatory strategy remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of ultra-low tidal volume ventilation with tidal volume of 3 ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW) in patients with CPE and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) on lung inflammation compared to conventional ventilation.

Enteral Feeding of Children on Noninvasive Respiratory Support: A Four-Center European Study.

Objectives: To explore enteral feeding practices and the achievement of energy targets in children on noninvasive respiratory support, in four European PICUs.

Design: A four-center retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Four PICUs: Bristol, United Kingdom; Lyon, France; Madrid, Spain; and Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

[The checklists: A help or a hassle?].

Patient safety has become a central component of quality of care. One of the best known and most widely used security tool in all work settings is the checklist. The checklist is a tool that helps to not forget any step during the performance of a procedure, to do tasks with an established order, to control the fulfilment of a series of requirements or to collect data in a systematic way for its subsequent analysis.

How 217 Pediatric Intensivists Manage Anemia at PICU Discharge: Online Responses to an International Survey.

Objective: To describe the management of anemia at PICU discharge by pediatric intensivists.

Design: Self-administered, online, scenario-based survey.

Setting: PICUs in Australia/New Zealand, Europe, and North America.

[Ultrasound-guided cannulation or by pulse palpation in the intensive care unit].

Introduction: Ultrasound (US) guidance increases the success rate and decreases complications during central venous catheterisation (CVC). The benefits of US guidance in arterial catheterisation are less clear. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of US-guided arterial catheterisation with the traditional landmark (LM) technique in critically ill children.

[Validation of a Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS-28) in critically ill children].

Introduction: There are numerous scales in intensive care units that are used to quantify the severity of patients. Most of them are very useful, although sometimes laborious to complete, thus limiting their use in usual practice. One of these scales, the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS 76), has been validated in adult and paediatric units.