Stretched penile length at birth: a systematic review.

Background: Micropenis is an endocrinological condition that is habitually observed at birth. Diagnosis is made by measuring the stretched penile length, a method established 80 years ago. Discrepancies in the normative data from recent studies raise the need for a current revision of the methodology.

Sonographic measure techniques of fetal penile length.

Postnatal penile length is a reliable, standardized, and widely used marker for the diagnosis of genitourinary pathology, as well as genetic and hormonal disorders. In contrast, prenatal diagnosis has not been developed equally and there is a lack of relevant literature. Our objective is to review the studies on fetal penile length, and apply findings to clinical practice.

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated With Extremely High Values for the sFlt-1 (Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1)/PlGF (Placental Growth Factor) Ratio.

Background There is little knowledge about the significance of extremely high values (>655) for the ratio of sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1) to PlGF (placental growth factor). We aim to describe the time-to-delivery interval and maternal and perinatal outcomes when such values are demonstrated while assessing suspected or confirmed placental dysfunction based on clinical or sonographic criteria. Methods and Results A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed on 237 singleton gestations between 20+0 and 37+0 weeks included at the time of first demonstrating a sFlt-1/PlGF ratio >655.

D-dimer during pregnancy: establishing trimester-specific reference intervals.

Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). D-dimer is a biomarker used as an exclusion criterion of VTE disease, but its usefulness during pregnancy shows limitations because D-dimer levels physiologically increase through pregnancy. The aim of our study was to follow the changes of D-dimer levels and to establish trimester-specific reference intervals during normal pregnancy.

[Need for resuscitation in preterm neonates less than 32 weeks treated with antenatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection].

Introduction: Magnesium sulphate administration is recommended for foetal neuroprotection in pregnant women at imminent risk of early preterm birth.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between intrapartum magnesium sulphate for foetal neuroprotection and delivery room resuscitation of preterm infants less 32 weeks.

Patients And Method: A prospective observational study was conducted on preterm infants less 32 weeks exposed to magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection, and a comparison made with another historic group immediately before starting this treatment.

Twin-reversed arterial perfusion sequence in a triple monochorionic pregnancy with two direct pump fetuses results in significant cyclic Doppler waveform.

We report a case of a twin-reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence complication in monochorionic triplets, in which both normal fetuses were directly connected to the umbilical cord of the acardiac fetus, thus both acting as a pump twin. Doppler ultrasound showed a significant waveform pattern with two superposed systolic waveforms in the same vessel. After birth, placental findings confirmed the existence of two direct pump twins.

[Evaluation of thyroid function during pregnancy: first-trimester reference intervals for thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine].

Background And Objectives: The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy affect the physiology of the thyroid gland. Consequently, interpretation of thyroid function markers during pregnancy requires trimester-specific reference intervals. The aims of our study were to: 1) establish first-trimester reference intervals for biochemical markers of thyroid function [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4)] and 2) to establish the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnant women resident in Cartagena (Murcia, Spain).