Pituitary Gland Surgical Emergencies: The Role of Endoscopic Intervention.

True pituitary surgical emergencies are rare. These events can occur throughout the perioperative period and are broadly categorized by the timing of occurrence. Acute indications for emergent pituitary surgery include pituitary apoplexy, vision loss, and severe Cushing presentation.

Thalamic abscess in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia successfully treated with an empiric antibiotic regime: case report and review of the literature.

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant disease associated with neurological complications, including cerebral abscesses (CA). They tend to be unique, supratentorial and lobar. While the surgical intervention is a rule of thumb when treating and diagnosing the etiology of these lesions, this is not always possible due to dangerous or inaccessible locations.

Extended Supraorbital Approach with Modified Eyebrow Incision: Technical Note.

Background: The extended supraorbital approach through a modified eyebrow incision is a minimally invasive variant of the frontotemporal or pterional approach that enriches a neurosurgeon's armamentarium for the treatment of pathologies lateral to the anterior clinoid process, by advancing laterally with frontal facial nerve branches monitoring. To demonstrate the steps of the approach, we studied 2 formalin-fixed and artery/vein silicone-injected adult cadaveric heads, and reviewed 1 of the 3 clinical cases operated on to illustrate the applicability of the approach.

Clinical Presentation: A 56-year-old woman presented with a history of seizures and a complaint of headache that started 2 months ago.

Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Inframeatal Area: Anatomic Nuances with Surgical Implications.

Background/objective: The inframeatal area represents a challenging region for skull base surgeons. Various surgical corridors have been described to access this area and frequently are used in combination. Recent studies describe the expanded endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) as an established route for midline regions, particularly medial to the internal carotid arteries (ICA).

Quantitative analysis of the surgical exposure and surgical freedom between transcranial and transorbital endoscopic anterior petrosectomies to the posterior fossa.

Object: This study proposes a variation of the transorbital endoscopic approach (TOEA) that uses the lateral orbit as the primary surgical corridor, in a minimally invasive fashion, for the posterior fossa (PF) access. The versatility of this technique was quantitatively analyzed in comparison with the anterior transpetrosal approach (ATPA), which is commonly used for managing lesions in the PF.

Methods: Anatomical dissections were carried out in 5 latex-injected human cadaveric heads (10 sides).

Comparative Analysis Between Lateral Orbital Rim Preservation and Osteotomy for Transorbital Endoscopic Approaches to the Cavernous Sinus: An Anatomic Study.

Background: Transorbital endoscopic approach (TOEA) to the cavernous sinus (CS) is a novel surgical technique. However, the necessity of lateral orbital rim (LOR) osteotomy is questionable.

Objective: To illustrate the surgical dissection of TOEAs to CS and to investigate the additional benefit of LOR osteotomy.

Primary well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of the filum terminale. Case report and literature review.

Objective: To present a case of a well-differentiated primary intradural-extramedullary neuroendocrine tumor of the filum terminale and to conduct a literature review.

Case: A 68-years old patient was assessed after presenting lower back pain and sciatica with ineffective pain relief. The patient presented an intradural-extramedullary lumbar lesion arising from the filum terminale, which was partially resected.