PSEN2 Mutations May Mimic Frontotemporal Dementia: Two New Case Reports and a Review.

Background: Monogenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) has severe health and socioeconomic repercussions. Its rarest cause is presenilin 2 () gene mutations. We present two new cases with presumed PSEN2-AD with unusual clinical and neuroimaging findings in order to provide more information on the pathophysiology and semiology of these patients.

Association of periodontitis with cognitive decline and its progression: Contribution of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease to this relationship.

Aim: To assess whether periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression as well as with certain blood-based markers of Alzheimer's disease.

Materials And Methods: Data from a 2-year follow-up prospective cohort study (n = 101) was analysed. Participants with a previous history of hypertension and aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis.

Periodontal inflammation is associated with increased circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells: a retrospective cohort study in a high vascular risk population.

Background: One of the main biological mechanisms behind the link between periodontitis and atherosclerotic vascular diseases is vascular endothelial dysfunction. Particularly, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been considered a biomarker of altered vascular endothelial function.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between periodontal inflammation and increased number of circulating EPCs.

Biomarkers Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common degenerative disorder in the elderly in developed countries. Currently, growing evidence is pointing at endothelial dysfunction as a key player in the cognitive decline course of AD. As a main component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the dysfunction of endothelial cells driven by vascular risk factors associated with AD allows the passage of toxic substances to the cerebral parenchyma, producing chronic hypoperfusion that eventually causes an inflammatory and neurotoxic response.

Unraveling the potential of endothelial progenitor cells as a treatment following ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is becoming one of the most common causes of death and disability in developed countries. Since current therapeutic options are quite limited, focused on acute reperfusion therapies that are hampered by a very narrow therapeutic time window, it is essential to discover novel treatments that not only stop the progression of the ischemic cascade during the acute phase, but also improve the recovery of stroke patients during the sub-acute or chronic phase. In this regard, several studies have shown that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can repair damaged vessels as well as generate new ones following cerebrovascular damage.

Ceramide/Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Axis as a Key Target for Diagnosis and Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Sphingolipids, such as ceramide or sphingosine 1-phosphate, are bioactive molecules implicated in structural and signaling functions. Metabolic dysfunction in the highly conserved pathways to produce sphingolipids may lead to or be a consequence of an underlying disease.

Brain Atrophy and Clinical Characterization of Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Different Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Profiles According to the AT(N) Research Framework of Alzheimer's Disease.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate, in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the brain atrophy that may distinguish between three AT(N) biomarker-based profiles, and to determine its clinical value.

Methods: Structural MRI (sMRI) was employed to evaluate the volume and cortical thickness differences in MCI patients with different AT(N) profiles, namely, A-T-(N)-: ; A+T-(N)-: ; and A+T+(N)+: . Sensitivity and specificity of these changes were also estimated.

Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Vascular Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease representing the most common type of dementia worldwide. The early diagnosis of AD is very difficult to achieve due to its complexity and the practically unknown etiology. Therefore, this is one of the greatest challenges in the field in order to develop an accurate therapy.

F-florbetapir PET as a marker of myelin integrity across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.

Purpose: Recent evidence suggests that PET imaging with amyloid-β (Aβ) tracers can be used to assess myelin integrity in cerebral white matter (WM). Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by myelin changes that are believed to occur early in the disease course. Nevertheless, the extent to which demyelination, as measured with Aβ PET, contributes to AD progression remains unexplored.

The Role of Inflammatory Diet and Vitamin D on the Link between Periodontitis and Cognitive Function: A Mediation Analysis in Older Adults.

Patients suffering from periodontitis are at a higher risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. However, the mediation effect of an inflammatory diet and serum vitamin D levels in this link is unclear. In total, 2062 participants aged 60 years or older with complete periodontal diagnosis and cognitive tests from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 were enrolled.

Periodontitis and systemic markers of neurodegeneration: A case-control study.

Aim: To investigate whether periodontitis is associated with amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and whether systemic inflammation could act as a potential mediator of this link.

Materials And Methods: A case-control study was designed including 75 patients with periodontitis (cases) and 75 age-balanced and gender-matched participants without periodontitis (controls). Full-mouth periodontal evaluation was performed in all participants.

Is Periodontal Disease Associated with Alzheimer's Disease? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Background: In the last decade, several observational studies have suggested that there exists an association between periodontal disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether or not this link exists.

Summary: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline for systematic review was used and registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016035377).