Unveiling the psychological mechanisms of mutual help groups for addiction recovery: The role of social identity factors.

The effectiveness of mutual help groups (MHGs) in promoting addiction recovery has been widely acknowledged. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying the impact of MHGs remain somewhat uncertain. Drawing on a social identity perspective, this study investigated a sequential mediation model in which social support is posited as a driving factor that enhances abstinence maintenance through group identification, recovery identity, and self-efficacy.

Disentangling Gender-Based Attitudes from Sexuality-Based Attitude: The Person-Based Approach to Measuring Implicit Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbian Women.

In this paper, we present the person-based approach to measuring implicit attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women-this approach uses face stimuli rather than traditionally used symbols, and creates salient social categories through contextual variation techniques. Across 5 experiments using the Go/No Go Association Task ( = 364), we present evidence that the person-based approach can disentangle implicit gender-based attitudes from implicit sexuality-based attitudes, that these attitudes vary as a function of participant gender and sexuality, and that they are different to attitudes elicited by typically used stimuli. We demonstrate that implicit person-based attitudes toward straight and gay people are similar and are consistent with the literature (i.

Cohabitation with a smoker and efficacy of cessation programmes: the mediating role of the theory of planned behaviour.

Objective: The present research sought to examine whether cohabitation with a smoker undermines smoking cessation among people engaged in a cessation programme and whether the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) act as mediating mechanisms.

Design: A prospective longitudinal study with online questionnaires was conducted among smokers living in Switzerland who enrolled in a 6-months smoking cessation programme.

Main Outcome Measures: Cohabitation with a smoker and the TPB constructs were assessed 10 days after the start of the programme (T1;  = 820).

Tobacco dependence and smoking cessation: The mediating role of smoker and ex-smoker self-concepts.

Tobacco dependence is a complex phenomenon in which physical and psychological components go hand in hand, and it is often considered as one of the major barriers to quit smoking. However, we still need to increase our understanding of the processes through which tobacco dependence relates to smoking cessation. This research aimed to investigating whether changes in smoker versus ex-smoker (abstainer) self-concept account for the association between tobacco dependence and successful smoking cessation.

Assessing Private and Public Need for Uniqueness: Validation of French Versions of the Need for Uniqueness (NfU) and Self-Attributed Need for Uniqueness (SANU) Scales.

Need for uniqueness represents the need for people to feel different and distinguish themselves from others. Two major scales exist that measure this need: the Need for Uniqueness scale (NfU; Snyder & Fromkin, 1977 ) and the Self-Attributed Need for Uniqueness scale (SANU; Lynn & Harris, 1997b ). We propose here a French version of both scales.

Egalitarianism and Sexual Prejudice: the Role of Ingroup Distinctiveness Motives.

The present research examined the hypothesis that heterosexual men's motivation to differentiate their ingroup from gay men moderates the link between egalitarianism and sexual prejudice. In two experiments conducted in Switzerland (N = 74) and Ecuador (N = 104), we assessed heterosexual men's endorsement of egalitarian values and experimentally manipulated scientific evidence supporting or refuting the existence of biological differences between heterosexual and gay men (the biological theory). The main dependent variable was attitude towards homosexuality.

Perceived Similarity With Gay Men Mediates the Effect of Antifemininity on Heterosexual Men's Antigay Prejudice.

This research examined the hypothesis that heterosexual men's motivation to differentiate themselves from gay men mediates the relationship between the antifemininity norm of masculinity and antigay prejudice. We assessed masculinity through three concepts: status, thoughness, and antifemininity. Participants then reported their perceived similarity with gay men and their antigay prejudice.

Gender-role's attitude, perceived similarity, and sexual prejudice against gay men.

Two hundred and twenty-six heterosexual participants (115 women and 111 men) were asked to indicate their attitude toward gender-roles, their perceived similarities with gay men, and their attitude toward gay men (i.e., sexual prejudice).

"I'm not gay. . . . I'm a real man!": Heterosexual Men's Gender Self-Esteem and Sexual Prejudice.

Five studies examined the hypothesis that heterosexual men, but not heterosexual women, endorse negative attitudes toward homosexuality (i.e., sexual prejudice) in order to maintain a positive gender-related identity that is unambiguously different from a homosexual identity.