Training in Skull Base Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery: Development and Validation of a Novel Low-Cost Simulation with Animal Cadaveric Model.

Background: Endoscopic skull base surgery is constantly evolving and its scope has expanded. The acquisition of surgical skills involves a long learning curve with significant risks for the patient. Therefore, training in the laboratory has become essential to achieve appropriate proficiency and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these procedures.