Testing for Protein Leverage in Patients with Gastric Bypass: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Protein leverage (PL) is the phenomenon whereby a dominant appetite for protein drives overconsumption of energy with a decline in the ratio of protein to fat and carbohydrate in the diet. PL has been independently verified in several randomized control trials, and its predictions are supported by diet surveillance data. Our aim in the present study was to test whether surgical intervention through gastric bypass will ameliorate the PL effect.

Sensitivity and specificity of body mass index and main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in middle-income urban participants in Guanajuato, Mexico.

Introduction: several studies have questioned body mass index (BMI) as an accurate diagnostic tool for obesity and therefore a predictor of cardiovascular risk. But BMI is widely used currently. Objective: we analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of BMI and compared cardiovascular risk factors in middle-income urban participants in Guanajuato, Mexico, at different ages.

Profile of urinary exosomal microRNAs and their contribution to diabetic kidney disease through a predictive classification model.

Aim: Evaluate the expression of exomiRs-126, -146, and -155 in urinary exosomes of patients with T2DM and diabetic kidney disease to establish a predictive classification model with exomiRs and clinical variables in order to determine their contribution to DKD.

Methods: The study group included 92 subjects: 64 patients diagnosed with T2DM subclassified into two groups with albuminuria (T2DM with albuminuria, n = 30) and without albuminuria (TD2M, n = 34) as well as 28 healthy, non-diabetic participants. Exosomes were isolated from urine and identified by TEM and flow cytometry.

Identification of metabolic markers in patients with type 2 Diabetes by Ultrafast gas chromatography coupled to electronic nose. A pilot study.

Metabolomics is a potential tool for the discovery of new biomarkers in the early diagnosis of diseases. An ultra-fast gas chromatography system equipped to an electronic nose detector (FGC eNose) was used to identify the metabolomic profile of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) urine from Mexican population. A cross-sectional, comparative, and clinical study with translational approach was performed.

Associations of nicotidamide-N-methyltransferase, FTO, and IRX3 genetic variants with body mass index and resting energy expenditure in Mexican subjects.

The enzyme nicotidamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) regulates adipose tissue energy expenditure through increasing nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) content. NNMT methylates nicotinamide to N-methylnicotidamide (MNA-1) using S-adenosyl methionine. The rs694539 NNMT polymorphism is associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and rs1941404 is associated with hyperlipidemia.

Possible role of n-hexane as an endocrine disruptor in occupationally exposed women at reproductive age.

Human exposure to n-hexane has been associated with subfertility and, experimentally, with a decrease in follicular development. In order to assess occupational exposure to n-hexane on ovarian function and gonadotropic hormones, we studied Mexican women labouring in a leather shoe factory (n = 34). Individual environmental levels for seven solvents, n-hexane included, were measured; also, urinary 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) was determined.

Analysis of the percentages of monocyte subsets and ILC2s, their relationships with metabolic variables and response to hypocaloric restriction in obesity.

Purpose: Obesity results from excess energy intake over expenditure and is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation involving circulating monocytes (Mo) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) imbalance. We analyzed circulating Mo subsets and ILC2s percentages and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) expression in lean and obese subjects, and the possible effect of hypocaloric restriction on these innate immune cells.

Methods: In 139 individuals aged 45 to 57 years, classified in 74 lean individuals (>18.

Sleep Extension Increases the Effect of Caloric Restriction Over Body Weight and Improves the Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Adolescents With Obesity.

Purpose: Diminution of sleep may be associated with obesity. However, evidence that extending sleep duration might favor weight loss is insufficient. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of dietary restriction with or without prescription of sleep extension on weight loss in adolescents with obesity.

Relationship of lactation, BMI, and rs12255372 TCF7L2 polymorphism on the conversion to type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with previous gestational diabetes.

Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) have a high risk of developing postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between lactation, BMI, and TCF7L2 polymorphisms in the conversion to T2DM in women with pGDM. One hundred and fifty-three women con pGDM were recruited from public hospitals of León Guanajuato México.

Flow mediated vasodilation compared with carotid intima media thickness in the evaluation of early cardiovascular damage in menopausal women and the influence of biological and psychosocial factors.

Background: Women after menopause increase risk for cardiovascular disease and several factors may be related. The purpose was to study biological and psychosocial factors associated with early cardiovascular damage in pre- and postmenopausal women, assessed with carotid intima-media thickness vs flow-mediated dilatation.

Methods: Women 45 to 57 years old were grouped in the pre- (n = 60), early (n = 58) and late post-menopause (n = 59).

Association of Nesfatin-1, Acylated Ghrelin and Cortisol with Scores of Compulsion, Food Addiction, and Binge Eating in Adults with Normal Weight and with Obesity.

Background/aims: The alterations of eating behavior are insufficiently recognized in the clinical attention of adults with obesity. The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of overeating behavior and its association with depression, perceived stress, acylated ghrelin, nestafin-1, and cortisol.

Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study included 80 participants with obesity and 50 with normal weight.

Obesity is associated with the Arg389Gly ADRB1 but not with the Trp64Arg ADRB3 polymorphism in children from San Luis PotosÍ and León, México.

This research was designed to analyze the possible associations of Arg389Gly ADRB1 and Trp64Arg ADRB3 polymorphisms in children with obesity. A cross-sectional study included 1,046 school-age Mexican participants (6-12 years old) from the cities of San Luis PotosÍ and León. Children were classified as non-obese or obese according to their body mass index (BMI) percentile; obese children had a BMI≥95th percentile for sex and age.

Effect of Restriction of Foods with High Fructose Corn Syrup Content on Metabolic Indices and Fatty Liver in Obese Children.

Objective: We examined the effect of restriction of foods with high fructose content in obese school children.

Methods: In a clinical study, we selected 54 obese children 6 to 11 years old with high fructose consumption (>70 g/day) in order indicate dietary fructose restriction (<20 g/day) for 6 weeks. Anthropometry, liver ultrasound as well as glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, IGFBP1, and RBP4 serum levels were collected.

Leptin and its Receptors in Human Placenta of Small, Adequate, and Large for Gestational Age Newborns.

Alterations in birth weight impact postnatal outcome and adult metabolic health. Therefore, fetal growth regulation is crucial for preventing chronic metabolic diseases. Leptin has been suggested to play an important role in placental and fetal growth, albeit its specific mechanisms of action have not been elucidated.

Effects of sleeve gastrectomy and rs9930506 FTO variants on angiopoietin/Tie-2 system in fat expansion and M1 macrophages recruitment in morbidly obese subjects.

Angiogenesis in inflammation are hallmarks for adipose tissue expansion in obesity. The role of angiopoietin/Tie-2 system in adipose tissue expansion and immune cell recruitment is unclear. We studied the effect of sleeve gastrectomy and the influence of FTO rs9930506 polymorphism on Tie-2, angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 expression in morbid obesity.

Association of cord blood des-acyl ghrelin with birth weight, and placental GHS-R1 receptor expression in SGA, AGA, and LGA newborns.

Although ghrelin in cord blood has been associated to birth weight, its role in fetal and postnatal growth has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze total ghrelin, acyl ghrelin (AG), and des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) in cord blood of newborns with idiopathic birth weight alterations, and to evaluate protein expression of placental GHS-R1, in order to investigate their correlation with birth weight and placental weight. We performed a cross-sectional comparative study in umbilical cord blood and placentas from healthy mothers of SGA, AGA, and LGA (small, adequate and large for gestational age) term newborns (n = 20 per group).

Dietary restriction in obese children and its relation with eating behavior, fibroblast growth factor 21 and leptin: a prospective clinical intervention study.

Background: Obesity is significant problem involving eating behavior and peripheral metabolic conditions. The effect of carbohydrate and fat restriction on appetite regulation, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and leptin in children has not been defined. Our objective was to compare the effect of both diets.

Alterations in adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell-derived microparticles contribute to intima-media thickness and symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Menopause, the cessation of menses, occurs with estrogens decline, low-grade inflammation, and impaired endothelial function, contributing to atherosclerotic risk. Intima-media thickness (IMT) is an early subclinical biomarker of atherosclerosis. Inflammation may have a role on symptoms: hot flashes, anxiety, and depressive mood, which also are related to endothelial dysfunction, increased IMT and cardiovascular risk.

Influence of heart rate variability and psychosocial factors on carotid stiffness, elasticity and impedance at menopause.

Background And Aims: The risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increases after menopause. Heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic control, is a strong predictor of CVD. We undertook this study to test the association of ultrasound indices of early carotid atherosclerosis with HRV, symptoms, hormonal conditions, metabolic state, indicators of stress, and psychosocial factors in women at peri- and postmenopause, registering ambulatory R-R interval monitoring.

Whole-body and hepatic insulin resistance in obese children.

Background: Insulin resistance may be assessed as whole body or hepatic.

Objective: To study factors associated with both types of insulin resistance.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 182 obese children.

Metabolic and nutritional profile differences among Mexican, Mexican-American and Non-Hispanic White children.

Objective: To compare somatometric variables, lipid profile, diet, and physical activity between Mexican children living in México (MEX), and Mexican-American (MXA) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) children from the United States (US) to examine the possible influence of ethnicity and residency on these factors.

Material And Methods: Six to twelve years old children data from a study from central México and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was compared. Data were categorized to examine the effect of residency (MEX vs.

Metabolic, hormonal characteristics and genetic variants of TCF7L2 associated with development of gestational diabetes mellitus in Mexican women.

Background: Variation in TCF7L2 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes and with gestational diabetes mellitus in several populations, but there are no data in Mexican women with gestational diabetes mellitus. In this study, we examined metabolic and hormonal measurements as well as TCF7L2 genetic variants.

Methods: We selected 108 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and 90 with gestational diabetes mellitus according to 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria matched for gestational week.

Relationship of sleep alterations with perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.

Objective: Sleep disturbance is an important change in menopause because it affects quality of life and can lead to other conditions such as depression. This study measured sleep alterations and explored associated physical, emotional, hormonal, and lifestyle factors during perimenopause and postmenopause.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 160 women who were classified as perimenopausal (n = 85) or postmenopausal (n = 75).