Diversity of the green macroalgal genus Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) from the east and gulf coast of the United States based on molecular data.

Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) is common in intertidal environments and can also be found in freshwater ecosystems. The difficulty to morphologically identify Ulva species due to cryptic diversity and morphological plasticity has caused a taxonomic conundrum. Fortunately, molecular data have begun to unravel a better understanding of its diversity.

Assessment of littoral algal diversity from the northern Gulf of Mexico using environmental DNA metabarcoding.

Traditional methods for algal biodiversity monitoring are costly and time inefficient because they rely on high-level taxonomic expertise to address species identity problems involving phenotypic plasticity and morphological convergence. These problems are exacerbated in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico, that has a limited history of phycological exploration, but that are economically important or threatened by numerous anthropogenic stressors. Given the high pace of disturbance to natural systems, there is a critical need for expedient and cost-effective tools for the study of benthic algal communities.

Reassessment of the classification of Bryopsidales (Chlorophyta) based on chloroplast phylogenomic analyses.

The Bryopsidales is a morphologically diverse group of mainly marine green macroalgae characterized by a siphonous structure. The order is composed of three suborders - Ostreobineae, Bryopsidineae, and Halimedineae. While previous studies improved the higher-level classification of the order, the taxonomic placement of some genera in Bryopsidineae (Pseudobryopsis and Lambia) as well as the relationships between the families of Halimedineae remains uncertain.

Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov.

The green plants (Viridiplantae) are an ancient group of eukaryotes comprising two main clades: the Chlorophyta, which includes a wide diversity of green algae, and the Streptophyta, which consists of freshwater green algae and the land plants. The early-diverging lineages of the Viridiplantae comprise unicellular algae, and multicellularity has evolved independently in the two clades. Recent molecular data have revealed an unrecognized early-diverging lineage of green plants, the Palmophyllales, with a unique form of multicellularity, and typically found in deep water.

The chloroplast genome of the marine green macroalga Ulva fasciata Delile (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta).

We present the 96 005 bp circular chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of Ulva fasciata. This cpDNA was ∼4000 bp smaller than the cpDNA of Ulva sp. UNA00071828; however, this cpDNA was AT rich (75.

De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Ulva fasciata Delile (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta), a distromatic blade-forming green macroalga.

We present the 61 614 bp circular-mapping mitochondrial genome of Ulva fasciata. Fifty-eight genes were identified including 29 protein-coding genes, 27 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Four ORFs from the Ulva sp.

The chloroplast genomes of Bryopsis plumosa and Tydemania expeditiones (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta): compact genomes and genes of bacterial origin.

Background: Species of Bryopsidales form ecologically important components of seaweed communities worldwide. These siphonous macroalgae are composed of a single giant tubular cell containing millions of nuclei and chloroplasts, and harbor diverse bacterial communities. Little is known about the diversity of chloroplast genomes (cpDNAs) in this group, and about the possible consequences of intracellular bacteria on genome composition of the host.

The complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the green macroalga Ulva sp. UNA00071828 (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta).

Sequencing mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes has become an integral part in understanding the genomic machinery and the phylogenetic histories of green algae. Previously, only three chloroplast genomes (Oltmannsiellopsis viridis, Pseudendoclonium akinetum, and Bryopsis hypnoides) and two mitochondrial genomes (O. viridis and P.

The mitochondrial genome of Grateloupia taiwanensis (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) and comparative mitochondrial genomics of red algae.

Although red algae are economically highly valuable for their gelatinous cell wall compounds as well as being integral parts of marine benthic habitats, very little genome data are currently available. We present mitochondrial genome sequence data from the red alga Grateloupia taiwanensis S.-M.

The plastid genome of the red macroalga Grateloupia taiwanensis (Halymeniaceae).

The complete plastid genome sequence of the red macroalga Grateloupia taiwanensis S.-M.Lin & H.

Phylogenetic relationships in Interfilum and Klebsormidium (Klebsormidiophyceae, Streptophyta).

Members of the genus Klebsormidium have cosmopolitan distribution and occur in a very wide range of freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Due to its simple filamentous morphology, this genus represents a taxonomically and systematically complex taxon in which phylogenetic relationships are still poorly understood. The phylogeny of Klebsormidium and closely related taxa was investigated using new ITS rRNA and rbcL sequences generated from 75 strains (isolated from field samples or obtained from culture collections).

Phylogenetic relationships and species circumscription in Trentepohlia and Printzina (Trentepohliales, Chlorophyta).

Subaerial green microalgae represent a polyphyletic complex of organisms, whose genetic diversity is much higher than their simple morphologies suggest. The order Trentepohliales is the only species-rich group of subaerial algae belonging to the class Ulvophyceae and represents an ideal model taxon to investigate evolutionary patterns of these organisms. We studied phylogenetic relationships in two common genera of Trentepohliales (Trentepohlia and Printzina) by separate and combined analyses of the rbcL and 18S rRNA genes.

DISTRIBUTION, MORPHOLOGY, AND PHYLOGENY OF KLEBSORMIDIUM (KLEBSORMIDIALES, CHAROPHYCEAE) IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN EUROPE(1).

Klebsormidium is a cosmopolitan genus of green algae, widespread in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. The classification of Klebsormidium is entirely based on morphological characters, and very little is understood about its phylogeny at the species level. We investigated the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Klebsormidium in urban habitats in Europe by a combination of approaches including examination of field-collected material, culture experiments conducted in many different combinations of factors, and phylogenetic analyses of the rbcL gene.

Molecular systematics of the subaerial green algal order Trentepohliales: an assessment based on morphological and molecular data.

The order Trentepohliales is a widespread group of terrestrial green algae. As currently circumscribed, it includes six genera (Cephaleuros, Phycopeltis, Physolinum, Printzina, Stomatochroon and Trentepohlia), the phylogenetic affinities of which are poorly understood. Sequences for the small subunit rRNA gene (18S rDNA) were obtained for several representatives of the order and phylogenetic analyses based on these sequences were compared with the traditional system of classification based on morphological characters.

Morphology and phylogenetic position of Spongiochrysis hawaiiensis gen. et sp. nov., the first known terrestrial member of the order Cladophorales (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta).

Spongiochrysis hawaiiensis gen. et sp. nov.

Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA.

Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear-encoded small-subunit rDNA sequences from taxa representing all of the major lineages of green algae, including new sequences for the Trentepohliales, consistently indicated that the subaerial Trentepohliales are closely related to ulvophycean marine green algae, particularly to the siphonous and hemisiphonous orders. The presence of phragmoplast-type cytokinesis in the order Trentepohliales remains enigmatic, and it is interesting that this type of cell division is associated with terrestrial (subaerial) habits.

Phragmoplastin, green algae and the evolution of cytokinesis.

Phragmoplast-mediated cell division characterizes the land plants in the streptophyte lineage and some species of the green algal orders Coleochaetales, Charales and Zygnematales that are basal to that lineage. This type of cell division is generally not found in the other green plant lineage, the chlorophyte algae. A well-developed phragmoplast-type cell division has been documented, however, in two subaerial green algae (Cephaleuros parasiticus and Trentepohlia odorata) belonging to the order Trentepohliales--an order that molecular sequence data place unequivocally within the chlorophytes rather than streptophytes.