Global threat status, rarity, and species distribution affect prevalence of Atlantic Forest endemic birds in citizen-collected datasets.

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened biomes globally. Data from monitoring programs are necessary to evaluate the conservation status of species, prioritise conservation actions and to evaluate the effectiveness of these actions. Birds are particularly well represented in citizen-collected datasets that are used worldwide in ecological and conservation studies.

Assessment of characteristics and treatment processes of wastewater from slaughterhouses in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The state of Minas Gerais is one of Brazil's largest animal protein producers, and its slaughterhouses generate highly polluting wastewater, which needs to be treated for discharge or reuse. As a novelty, this review article focused on assessing the characteristics and methods to treat wastewater from slaughterhouses in the state of Minas Gerais, and verifying its compliance with environmental regulatory agencies. The aim was to present data that helps to better manage this residue in other Brazilian states and countries.

A Review of Gallic Acid-Mediated Fenton Processes for Degrading Emerging Pollutants and Dyes.

Diverse reducing mediators have often been used to increase the degradation of emerging pollutants (EPs) and dyes through the Fenton reaction (Fe + HO → Fe + HO + HO). Adding reductants can minimize the accumulation of Fe in a solution, leading to accelerated Fe regeneration and the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, such as the HO radical. The present study consisted in reviewing the effects of gallic acid (GA), a plant-extracted reductant, on the Fenton-based oxidation of several EPs and dyes.

Gallic acid influence on azo dyes oxidation by Fenton processes.

The present work consisted in evaluating the effect of a natural plant reducer, gallic acid (GA), on the discolouration/oxidation of two azo dyes by Fenton processes (Fe/HO and Fe/HO). A kinetic study was performed to better interpret the discolouration data at different temperatures. The 1st-order kinetic model presented the best fit for the experimental data of methyl orange discolouration, while the 2nd-order was better for chromotrope 2R.

Psychometric properties of a short form of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ-14).

Background: Exposure to minor stressors is related to a range of emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to develop a screening instrument for assessing adolescent stressors.

Method: The Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ-14) was tested on a sample of 561 adolescents aged between 12 and 18.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ-S).

The aim of this study was to develop a Spanish version of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire and to examine its psychometric properties: factor structure, measurement invariance across samples, reliability, and concurrent validity. Participants consisted of 1,560 Spanish students between 12 and 18 years of age. The results support a structure based on 10 first-order factors (corresponding to stressors on the dimensions Home Life, School Performance, School Attendance, Romantic Relationships, Peer Pressure, Teacher Interaction, Future Uncertainty, School/Leisure Conflict, Financial Pressure, and Emerging Adult Responsibility) and 1 second-order factor that subsumes the first-order factors.

Expiratory rib cage Compression in mechanically ventilated subjects: a randomized crossover trial [corrected].

Background: Expiratory rib cage compression (ERCC) has been empirically used by physiotherapists with the rationale of improving expiratory flows and therefore the airway clearance in mechanically ventilated patients. This study evaluates the acute mechanical effects and sputum clearance of an ERCC protocol in ventilated patients with pulmonary infection.

Methods: In a randomized crossover study, sputum production and respiratory mechanics were evaluated in 20 mechanically ventilated subjects submitted to 2 interventions.

Comparison of different pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic materials. Part I: conversion of rye straw to valuable products.

The conversion of lignocellulose to valuable products requires I: a fractionation of the major components hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, II: an efficient method to process these components to higher valued products. The present work compares liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment to the soda pulping process and to the ethanol organosolv pretreatment using rye straw as a single lignocellulosic material. The organosolv pretreated rye straw was shown to require the lowest enzyme loading in order to achieve a complete saccharification of cellulose to glucose.

Physiological responses to different ischemic periods during laparoscopic infrarenal aortic cross-clamping: evaluation in an experimental animal model.

Our aim was to study the physiological repercussions of varying ischemic times during laparoscopic aortic surgery. After quarantine, laparoscopy was performed in 24 healthy pigs, which were randomly allocated to four study groups: group I (n=6), laparoscopic infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery with 30 min of crossclamping; group II (n=6), laparoscopic infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery with 60 min of cross-clamping; group III (n=6), laparoscopic infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery with 120 min of cross-clamping; group IV (n=6), 120 min pneumoperitoneum in the absence of aortic cross-clamping (control group). Hematological, biochemical, hormone, hemodynamic, and ventilatory studies were conducted during and after surgery; and a postoperative neurological evaluation was performed 10 days after surgery.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: transcatheter arterial embolization as potential treatment--preliminary study in pigs.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the prostate in healthy pigs.

Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee for animal research. Sixteen large white male pigs were randomly assigned to the embolization group (n = 8) or control group (n = 8).

Evaluation of the effects of temporary covered nitinol stent placement in the prostatic urethra: short-term study in the canine model.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of temporary stent placement on the canine prostatic urethra.

Methods: Retrievable PTFE-covered nitinol stents were placed in the prostatic urethras of 8 beagle dogs under fluoroscopic guidance. Retrograde urethrography was obtained before and after stenting.

The measurement of neurovegetative activity during anesthesia and surgery in swine: an evaluation of different techniques.

In this study we evaluated, in 10 sevoflurane-anesthetized pigs undergoing abdominal surgery, different techniques for measuring autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity: ANSiscope index, spectral analysis of heart-rate variability, hemodynamic variables, and plasma catecholamines and cortisol levels. Animals underwent a 120-min anesthesia during which unilateral ovariectomy was performed. Cardiovascular and respiratory responses were monitored.

Bispectral index, spectral edge frequency 95% and median frequency recorded at varying desflurane concentrations in pigs.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of bispectral index (BIS), spectral edge frequency 95% (SEF) and median frequency (MED) in relation to a simple descriptive scale (SDS) as indicators of anaesthetic depth at different desflurane concentrations in swine. Sixteen pigs were randomly allocated to four groups. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded during desflurane anaesthesia, and BIS, SEF and MED were calculated from the EEG.

Relationships between a proprietary index, bispectral index, and hemodynamic variables as a means for evaluating depth of anesthesia in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane.

Objective: To evaluate relationships among various techniques for monitoring anesthetic depth in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Animals: 10 dogs.

Procedure: Dogs were medicated with acepromazine (0.

Assessment of the relationship of bispectral index values, hemodynamic changes, and recovery times associated with sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia in pigs.

Objective: To evaluate bispectral index (BIS) values in pigs during anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane-fentanyl or propofol-fentanyl as a predictor of changes in hemodynamic parameters and duration of recovery from anesthesia.

Animals: 12 pigs.

Procedure: Pigs were randomly allocated to undergo 1 of 2 anesthetic regimens.

Bispectral index, spectral edge frequency 95%, and median frequency recorded for various concentrations of isoflurane and sevoflurane in pigs.

Objective: To evaluate bispectral index (BIS), spectral edge frequency 95% (SEF), and median frequency (MED) in relation to a visual analogue scale (VAS) as indicators of anesthetic depth for various concentrations of sevoflurane and isoflurane in pigs.

Animals: 32 pigs.

Procedure: Pigs were randomly allocated to 8 groups (4 pigs/group).

Fine-needle percutaneous transhepatic parenchymal portal venography by using carbon dioxide: a pilot study in pigs.

Our purpose was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in fine-needle percutaneous transhepatic parenchymal portal venography and its potential clinical applications. Three Belgian landrace pigs received fine-needle percutaneous transhepatic parenchymal portal venography by using CO(2) as a contrast agent. Under fluoroscopic and B-mode ultrasonic guidance, right or left lobe of liver was punctured with a 22-G Chiba needle, through which CO(2) was injected with a dedicated CO(2) injector at injection rate of 20 ml/s for 20 ml, 40 ml/s for 40 ml, 40 ml/s for 60 ml, and 40 ml/s for 80 ml, respectively.

Ultrasonographic assessment of metallic clip carotid anastomosis in sheep.

The aim of this study was to use ultrasonography to assess an experimental carotid arteriotomy followed by end-to-end anastomosis in the lamb. Animals were subjected to an experimental surgical procedure consisting of a right carotid artery arteriotomy and subsequent end-to-end anastomosis with nonpenetrating metallic clips. Left side arteries were used as control.

Endocrine, haematological and metabolic responses to sevoflurane anaesthesia in lambs.

Objective To compare the magnitude and duration of the peri-operative haematological, endocrine and metabolic effects of surgery performed under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Study Design Prospective randomized study. Animals Ten, 55-day-old lambs of both sexes, mean weight 20.