[Restructuring of the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Committee 2020-2023 in MexicoReestruturação do Comitê para Segurança das Vacinas contra a COVID-19, 2020-2023, México].

Objective: To describe the process of restructuring the National Expert Committee and its impact on the causality assessment of events supposedly attributable to vaccination or immunization (ESAVI) in the context of vaccine safety monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2023.

Method: A report was prepared on the experience of creating and operating Mexico's National Expert Committee during the aforementioned period.

Results: During the 2020-2023 period, 1293 severe ESAVIs were reported after COVID-19 vaccination; after 98.

Is Clostridioides difficile toxins detection necessary when the glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme is detected?

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile causes diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Its diagnosis is made with glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) or toxins A and B detection and is confirmed with nucleic acid amplification tests.

Objective: To define if GDH determination is redundant to that of toxins.

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium sensitivity to isopropyl alcohol before and after implementing alcohol hand rubbing in a hospital.

A recent study reported enterococci that developed alcohol tolerance. We measured minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of isopropyl alcohol against 55 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. We did not find an increase in MICs when comparing the periods before and after the use of alcohol for hand hygiene in a hospital, and we did not find a single isolate with a MIC higher than 11.

Does chlorhexidine mouthwash reduce the rate of oral colonization bygram-negative bacteria in patients with chemotherapy? Aplacebo-controlled trial.

The presence of gram-negative bacteria in the oral cavity is an undesirable occurrence in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Our aim was to investigate the antibacterial effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in chemotherapypatients with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Decontamination of stethoscope membranes with chlorhexidine: Should it be recommended?

Objective: To determine differences in the recontamination of stethoscope membranes after cleaning with chlorhexidine, triclosan, or alcohol.

Methods: Experimental, controlled, blinded trial to determine differences in the bacterial load on stethoscope membranes. Membranes were cultured by direct imprint after disinfection with 70% isopropyl alcohol, 1% triclosan, or 1% chlorhexidine and normal use for 4 hours.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in preadolescent girls.

Background: The detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria in preadolescent girls may be important due to its effects on subsequent pregnancies.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in preadolescent girls and the value of the nitrite test for screening.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional study in girls aged 9 to 13 years.

Antimicrobial activity of copper against organisms in aqueous solution: a case for copper-based water pipelines in hospitals?

Background: An association exists between water of poor quality and health care-associated infections. Copper shows microbiocidal action on dry surfaces; it is necessary to evaluate its antimicrobial effect against organisms in aqueous solution.

Objective: The objective was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of copper against common nosocomial pathogens in aqueous solution.

Chlorhexidine is a better antiseptic than povidone iodine and sodium hypochlorite because of its substantive effect.

Background: The present study compared both the antiseptic efficacy of sodium hypochlorite against that of chlorhexidine gluconate in isopropyl alcohol and the substantive effect of chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, and sodium hypochlorite.

Methods: This was a 2-step study that included volunteers. In step 1, 4 skin areas were tested for bacteria in colony-forming units (CFU): 2 were controls to determine baseline bacteria or the effect of scrubbing, and 2 were treated with 10% hypochlorite or 2% chlorhexidine in isopropyl alcohol.

[Influenza A H1N1 (2009): considerations at the time of declaring the end of the contingency in Mexico].

We review important aspects of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) at the time of declaring the end of the contingency in Mexico. The pre-established surveillance system had to be modified during the course of the epidemic. From the first epidemic weeks, viral monitoring recorded the displacement of other pathogens by the pandemic virus.

Salvaging diabetic foot through debridement, pressure alleviation, metabolic control, and antibiotics.

There is a fatalist perception of diabetic foot because the argument of "small-vessel disease" prevails. This is the report of a cohort study of patients facing a formal recommendation for major foot amputation to assess how many can be saved with a conventional treatment, defined as debridement, pressure alleviation, metabolic control, and antibiotics. The primary efficacy measurement was the salvage of the limb at the follow-up visit between 25 and 35 days after the first consultation.

Povidone-iodine against sodium hypochlorite as skin antiseptics in volunteers.

Background: This study was conducted to compare the antiseptic efficacy of sodium hypochlorite of electrochemical production with that of povidone-iodine in human voluntaries.

Methods: Three areas of 25 cm(2) each were selected from the forearms; 1 was designated as control to determine the baseline bacterial count; and 2 more were selected to swab 10% povidone-iodine or 10% sodium hypochlorite. Every volunteer was studied on 3 separated occasions.

[Endemic intravenous fluid contamination in pediatric wards].

Objective: To determine the rate of contamination of intravenous solutions and injection ports in pediatric patients.

Material And Methods: During non-epidemic periods, eight pediatric wards in Mexican hospitals were studied. Qualitative cultures were performed from the surface of injection ports and from intravenous solutions in use in pediatric patients younger than 2 years, culturing 750 infusion systems from 728 patients.

[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a general hospital: epidemiological overview between 2000-2007].

Introduction: The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized patients is a significant problem due to its associated morbidity and mortality. It is important to know the recent MRSA epidemiology at a General Hospital.

Objectives: To determine the MRSA epidemiology at a Mexican general hospital from 2000 to 2007, in order to know if there is a significant trend in its proportion.

Pressure-induced rhabdomyolysis after bariatric surgery.

Rhabdomyolisis most commonly occurs after muscle injury, alcohol ingestion, drug intake and exhaustive exercise. Prolonged muscle compression at the time of surgery may produce this complication. Obesity has been reported as a risk factor for pressure-induced rhabdomyolysis, but no reports associated with bariatric surgery could be found in the literature.