Beyond femininity or masculinity: gender typologies and healthy eating in early adulthood.

Purpose: In the field of health sciences gender is often confused with biological sex (male/female) or reduced to a dichotomous classification (masculinity/femininity). The concepts of sex and gender interact with each other, but they are not equivalent. According to Sandra Bem four gender typologies can be established (androgynous, masculine, feminine and undifferentiated).

Personality and gender prototypes for predicting health: a multilevel and cluster analysis.

Prior studies have identified that mentally healthy people tend to share common characteristics and common ways of coping with stressful life events; they show similar patterns of behavior and more flexible and adaptive social roles. The objectives of the study are to assess the influence of personality factors on gender roles and mental health, to identify personality patterns along with gender roles, and to assess the influence of the patterns identified on mental health. Data collection from a sample of 795 university students was carried out during 2019.

Reflective based learning for nursing ethical competency during clinical practices.

Background: A combination of theoretical and practical approaches is required to learn and acquire ethical competencies in caring. Occasionally, reflection on practical action differs from theoretical learning. In the context of reflective learning, issues such as ethical values can be discussed since they evoke conflict among nursing students.

Adaptation and validation of the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) in Spanish university health sciences students.

Many interprofessional education programs are being designed to help students improve their collaborative practice. Traditionally, the evaluation of these programs is focused on attitudes, knowledge and skills, but according to some authors, the evaluation of these activities should be expanded to include the evaluation of the development of an interprofessional identity. The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) is a self-report tool used to measure interprofessional socialization, but it has not been validated with Spanish students.

Using a station within an objective structured clinical examination to assess interprofessional competence performance among undergraduate nursing students.

Aim/objective: To describe and analyse the use of a station within an OSCE to assess interprofessional competence performance in undergraduate nursing students. The specific objectives were: - To measure the students' level of competence performance in relation to the interprofessional competences Roles and Responsibilities, Communication and Teamwork. - To determine inter-observer concordance in the assessment of the interprofessional competences.

Impact of an intervention program with reinforcement on nursing students' stress and anxiety levels in their clinical practices.

Background And Objective: Several interventions have resulted in effectively reducing stress and anxiety in nursing students, however the efficacy of these interventions has only been investigated in the short term. This study had to objectives 1) to determine the effect of an intervention program to manage stress and anxiety in nursing students during clinical practices with two phases, phase I composed by cognitive behavioral therapy and progressive muscle relaxation and phase II or reinforcement phase with progressive muscle relaxation and 2) to determine the effect of phase I of the intervention program to manage stress and anxiety in nursing students during clinical practices.

Design: An experimental, analytical, longitudinal and prospective study.

Anxiety and Worries among Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multilevel Analysis.

Several studies have identified pregnant women as a vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic. The perinatal period has been identified as a stage of great risk for the mental health of pregnant women, due to a large increase in mental pathologies during this period. In this context, the objective of the present study was to assess the associations between socioeconomic and demographic factors, health concerns and health information management, and anxiety level during the COVID-19 pandemic in pregnant Spanish women.

A longitudinal gender perspective of well-being and health in spanish youth: the UP&DOWN study.

Previous studies have observed a link between gender and well-being and health in young populations. The purpose of this research was twofold: (1) to analyse the cross-sectional relationship between gender status with well-being indicators and self-perceived health in adolescents at baseline and at 2-year follow-up and (2) to evaluate the prospective associations between gender at baseline and well-being indicators/self-perceived health assessed at 2-year follow-up. Well-being was measured using the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire (as a measure of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL)), the Children's Hope Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.

Psychosocial Correlates of Mental Health and Well-Being During the COVID-19: The Spanish Case.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has hit almost all countries around the globe, seriously affecting the welfare of populations. Spain is especially hard-hit. In this context, the purpose of the present study is to analyze social, demographic, and economic correlates of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the population residing in Spain.

Exploring new tendencies of gender and health in university students.

In light of the impact of gender roles on health, the aims of the present study are (1) to assess the associations between femininity/masculinity and gender typologies, and health indicators (mental health, wellbeing, and self-perceived health) and (2) to identify patterns of gender roles and health indicators, thus exploring new tendencies in gender and health in Spanish university students in the framework of the androgyny model. The sample was made up of 795 university students from Madrid and Toledo. Data collection was completed during 2019.

The relationship between conformity to male and female gender norms and depression during pregnancy.

To analyze whether there is an association between conformity to male and female gender norms and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score as an indicator of depression during pregnancy, a cross-sectional study was made to a sample of 200 pregnant women being seen at any of the public primary care centers in Segovia (Spain) for the prenatal care. A score of 13 points or higher on the Spanish version of the EPDS is considered to be an indicator of antenatal depression. The Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI-84) and the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-94) were used to determine the degree of conformity to gender norms.

Perception of caring among nursing students: Results from a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Nursing is an art and science based on knowledge of professional caring. As such, the examination of how students perceive care may improve the way this concept is taught and learnt in nursing.

Objectives: To examine and describe the perception of caring among Spanish nursing students.

Nutritional habits and levels of physical activity during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period of women in Toledo (Spain): study protocol for a two-year prospective cohort study (the PrePaN study).

Introduction: Pregnant women who eat a balanced diet usually practice physical activity (PA) regularly; there are many studies on PA during pregnancy and the results for the mother and baby. However, the guideline for PA during pregnancy is very general and is not quantified. The primary objective of this study is to examine the nutritional habits and levels of PA of women during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

A longitudinal perspective of eating disorder risk in immigrant and Spanish native adolescents: The longitudinal up & down study.

Objectives: Previous research has postulated immigrant status as a relevant factor influencing eating disorder (ED) risk in adolescents. The present study assesses differences by sex in ED risk between Spanish native and immigrant adolescent populations residing in Spain and analyzes longitudinal differences in ED risk between immigrant and native adolescents over 2-year follow-up.

Method: The study sample was 981 adolescents aged 11-19 years at baseline.

Adherence to initial exclusive breastfeeding among Chinese born and native Spanish mothers.

Background: Benefits of breastfeeding on the health of children, mothers and society are well known. However, breastfeeding rates vary according to the population examined. Chinese-born women migrated to high-income countries have shown low breastfeeding rates.

Comparison of attitudes to breastfeeding among Spanish-born and Chinese-born postpartum women in Madrid.

Background: Maternal breastfeeding is a practice that is associated with multiple health benefits for mothers and children. One of the lowest rates of breastfeeding has been observed among Chinese women who immigrate to high income countries. At present, there is a lack of comparative information between this group and that of Spanish-born women.

Experiential learning in practice: An ethnographic study among nursing students and preceptors.

This study aimed to explore the reflective dialogues and processes that take place between preceptors and their nursing students and to examine how preceptors make use of their expert knowledge in order to enhance students' experiential learning during clinical placements. Two 30-h courses on reflective teaching were conducted. The study sample included 15 preceptors and 27 undergraduate nursing students.

The effect of stereotypes and prejudices regarding gender roles on the relation between nurses and "Muslim fathers" in health institutions within the Community of Madrid (Spain).

Modern Western societies are characterized by a considerable cultural and ethnic diversity whereby different groups and minorities live side by side. However, not all people are viewed in the same light by the autochthonous population. This is particularly true in the case of Muslim immigrants, who are often prone to negative stereotyping and prejudice.

[Problem-based learning, a comparison in the acquisition of transversal competencies].

In the European Higher Education Area (EEES in Spanish reference), a change in the pedagogical model has occurred: from teaching centered on the figure of the professor to learning centered on students, from an integral perspective. This learning must bring together the full set of competencies included in the program requirements necessary to obtain a degree. The specific competencies characterize a profession and distinguish one from others.