Protium heptaphyllum essential oil from the fruit as a sedative and anesthetic in Rhamdia quelen: influence in cardiac frequency, biochemical, and oxidative parameters.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Protium heptaphyllum fruit essential oil (PHEO) on the physiology of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) during anesthesia and recovery, through studying echocardiograms, oxidative status, and metabolic parameters. Three experiments were performed: (1) 50 silver catfish juveniles were submitted to anesthesia and recovery tests with 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 mg L of PHEO. (2) Echocardiogram analysis was performed in anesthetized and non-anesthetized fish.

Diphenyl diselenide dietary supplementation protects against fumonisin B-induced oxidative stress in brains of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen.

The trend toward using plant-based ingredients in aquafeeds has raised important concerns for aquaculture owing to the negative impacts of mycotoxins on fish health; with emphasis for contamination by fumonisin B (FB). The brain is an important target of FB; however, study of the pathways linked to brain damage is limited to an analysis of histopathological alterations. Reports have demonstrated the protective effects of dietary supplementation with diphenyl diselenide (PhSe) in the brains of fish subjected to several environmental insults; nevertheless, its neuroprotective effects in fish fed with diets contaminated with FB remain unknown.