MRI- and histologically derived neuroanatomical atlas of the Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl).

Amphibians are an important vertebrate model system to understand anatomy, genetics and physiology. Importantly, the brain and spinal cord of adult urodels (salamanders) have an incredible regeneration capacity, contrary to anurans (frogs) and the rest of adult vertebrates. Among these amphibians, the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) has gained most attention because of the surge in the understanding of central nervous system (CNS) regeneration and the recent sequencing of its whole genome.

Sensory and memory processing in old female and male Wistar rat brain, and its relationship with the cortical and hippocampal redox state.

The brain is one of the most sensitive organs damaged during aging due to its susceptibility to the aging-related oxidative stress. Hence, in this study, the sensory nerve pathway integrity and the memory were evaluated and related to the redox state, the antioxidant enzymes function, and the protein oxidative damage in the brain cortex (Cx) and the hippocampus (Hc) of young (4-month-old) and old (24-month-old) male and female Wistar rats. Evoked potentials (EP) were performed for the auditory, visual, and somatosensory pathways.

[Dissociated deviation. A strabismus of cortical origin].

Background: We undertook this study to determine the cortical alterations related to the origin of dissociated deviation.

Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive and observational study that included 10 children with diagnosis of dissociated horizontal deviation, without previous evidence of neuronal damage. Manual, cerebral and ocular dominance were determined, as well as sensorial state and visual perceptual profile.